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테크놀로지 기반 개별화 학습에 대한 체계적 문헌 분석: 2011-2020년 국내연구를 중심으로

A Systematic Literature Review of Technology-based Personalized Learning: Research from 2011 to 2020 in Korea

임지영|진명화|임규연
한국교육공학회 (Korean Society Of Educational Technology)|2021.09|교육공학연구 (Journal of Educational Technology)|제37권 제3호|pp. 525-559|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17232/KSET.37.3.525

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키워드

systematic literature review체계적 문헌분석맞춤형 학습personalized learningindividualized learning개별화 학습개인화 학습adaptive learningcustomized learning적응적 학습
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 테크놀로지를 활용한 개별화 학습에 관한 국내연구에서 개별화 학습 구현을 위해 고려해야 할 다양한 요소들이 어떻게 설계되었는가를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 개별화 학습 환경이란 적응적, 개인화, 맞춤형 학습 등의 용어를 포괄하는 광의의 개념으로, 학습자 중심 학습 환경을 기반으로 학습자의 특성과 요구에 따라 교수학습 경험을 제공함으로써 학습목표의 달성을 지향하는 교수학습 환경을 의미한다. 체계적 문헌분석 방법을 적용하여 연구를 수행하였으며, ‘개별화 학습’, ‘개인화 학습’, ‘적응적 학습’, ‘적응형 학습’, ‘맞춤형 학습’을 키워드로 2011-2020년에 발표된 문헌을 수집하여 테크놀로지 활용 환경에서 이루어진 실증연구 39편을 최종적으로 선정하였다. Vandewaetere와 Clarebout(2014)이 제안한 프레임워크에 따라 개별화 학습과 관련된 데이터의 출처(source), 대상(target), 시점(time), 방법(method)의 네 가지 측면에서 선정된 연구를 분석한 결과, 국내연구에서 나타난 테크놀로지 기반 개별화 학습은 전반적으로 위의 네 가지 측면을 고려하여 설계된 것으로 파악되었다. 학습자 특성보다는 학습 중에 생성되는 학습자와 시스템 간의 상호작용 데이터를 수집하는 사례가 많았으며, 학습에 대한 통제권을 학습자가 아닌 시스템에 부여하는 경우가 90%를 차지하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 추후 테크놀로지 활용 개별화 학습 환경 설계 시에 고려해야 할 시사점에 관해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how various factors for personalized learning were designed in technology-based personalized learning research in Korea. In this study, personalized learning refers to an instructional environment that is oriented to the achievement of learning goals by providing a learner-centered learning experience, encompassing terms such as adaptive, individualized, and customized learning. A systematic literature analysis was conducted, and 39 published domestic studies from 2011 to 2020 were collected using keywords such as “personalized learning,” “individualized learning,” “adaptive learning,” and “customized learning” as search terms. The selected literature was analyzed based on the four elements for personalization(source, target, time, and method of adaptation), which are elements of the framework proposed by Vandewaetere and Clarebout(2014). Results showed that most studies with technology-based personalized learning were designed to support the four elements of personalized learning. However, most studies collected data from the source of learner-system parameters, which related to the interaction between learners and systems. Also, 90% of the studies granted control of learning to the system or the instructor, whereas learners seldom had control over their learning. Based on the findings, the implications of designing new technology-based personalized learning in the future were discussed.

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