폐 리튬 이차전지로부터 회수된 황산코발트 제조 및 이를 이용해 합성된 산화리튬코발트 양극활물질의 전기화학적 특성
A Synthesis of LiCoO2 using the CoSO4 Recovered from Cathode Material Scrap and its Electrochemical Properties
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본 연구에서는 폐 리튬이차전지의 스크랩으로부터 순도 높은 황산코발트(CoSO4) 용액을 회수하고, 회수된 용액을 이용하여 리튬이차전지의 양극활물질인 LiCoO2를 제조하여 전기화학적 특성을평가하였다. 황산코발트의 제조는 황산과 과산화수소수를 이용하여 원료물질로부터 금속물질을 녹여내기 위한 침출단계, 가성소다를 이용한 pH 조절로 1차 불순물을 제거하기 위한 중화공정 및D2EHPA와 CYANEX®272를 이용하여 2차 불순물을 제거하기 위한 용매추출공정을 거쳐 고순도의 용액을 회수한다. 회수된 황산코발트는 증류수와 희석하여 6 wt.% 황산코발트 용액으로 만들고,다시 옥살산과 혼합 및 교반 후 건조, 하소 및 리튬의 원료가 되는 Li2CO3 분말과 혼합 후 합성 공정을 거쳐 이차전지의 양극활물질인 LiCoO2를 제조하였다. 이를 이용하여 전극을 조립하고,전기화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 전기화학적 특성은 본 실험에서 합성된 LiCoO2와 상업용LiCoO2(Aldrich사)를 비교하였으며, 결과는 유사하거나 혹은 합성된 LiCoO2가 더 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 실험을 통해 양극활물질의 재활용 가능성을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The electrochemical properties using the cells assembled with the synthesizedLiCoO2(LCO) were evaluated in this study. The LCO was synthesized from high-purity cobaltsulfate(CoSO4) which is recovered from the cathode scrap in the wastes lithium ion secondarybattery(LIB). The leaching process for dissolving the metallic elements from the LCO scrapwas controlled by the quantities of the sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The metal precipitationto remove the impurities was controlled by the pH value using the caustic soda. Andalso, D2EHPA and CYANEX®272 were used in the solvent extraction process in order to remove the impurities again. The high-purity CoSO4 solution was recovered by the processesmentioned above. We made the 6 wt.% CoSO4 solution mixed with distilled water. And the6 wt.% CoSO4 solution was mixed with oxalic acid by the stirring method and dried in oven. LiCoO2 as a cathode material for LIB was formed by the calcination after the drying and synthesiswith the Li2CO3 powder. We assembled the cells using the LiCoO2 powders and evaluatedthe electrochemical properties. And then, we confirmed possibility of the recyclabilityabout the cathode materials for LIBs.
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