과학 우수 학생들의 과학 문제해결 과정에서 나타나는 발산적 사고과정에 대한 뇌영상 연구
A Neuroimaging Study on Divergent Thinking of Highly Able Students in Solving Science-related Problems
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초록
창의력을 발휘하는 데에는 발산적 사고과정이 주요하게 관여하는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 기능적 자기공명영상(fMRI)을 통해서 과학 내용에 대한 발산적 사고과제와 수렴적 사고과제를 수행할 때 뇌활동성을 분석하여 발산적 사고과정의 작동 기제를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구대상은 대학부설 영재교육원 재원생과 일반 중학교에서 과학 성적이 우수한 10명의 학생들이었다. 발산적 사고과제는 자연 현상에 대해서 가상의 상황을 제시하고 어떤 일들이 발생할지를 생각해 보는 것이었으며 수렴적 사고과제는 하나의 답이 있는 과학 질문에 대해 답을 생각해 보는 것이었다. 분석결과 발산적 사고과제를 수행할 때에는 수렴적 사고과제를 수행할 때에 비해서 오른쪽과 왼쪽의 각이랑과 이에 인접한 측두엽의 활동성이 높게 나타났다. 각이랑과 그 주변의 측두엽 영역은 시각, 공간지각, 청각, 체감각 등의 감각 정보의 흐름이 모이는 지점에 위치하며 다양한 정보를 통합하는 데에 중추적인 역할을 담당하는 영역이다. 이러한 점을 볼 때 본 연구의 결과는 발산적 사고를 발휘할 때에는 수렴적 사고를 발휘할 때에 비해서 주어진 자극으로부터 다양한 차원의 정보를 통합적으로 인출하는 것이 보다 활발히 관여한다는 것을 보여준다.
Abstract
Divergent thinking has been recognized as one of the most fundamental thought processes linked to creativity. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal the brain mechanisms associated with divergent thinking. There were ten student participants from a university gifted education center and a middle school. They have high school achievement in science. In the divergent thinking task, participants were presented with an improbable scientific situation and were asked to imagine could all the potential scenarios that would occur if that given situation became true. In the convergent thinking task, participants were presented a problem which required only one answer. Divergent thinking was associated with increased activation in the bilateral angular gyrus (AG) and adjacent temporal gyrus. The AG and adjacent temporal gyrus lie at a confluence of visual, spatial, somatosensory and auditory processing streams. AG and adjacent temporal gyrus activation regarded as reflecting the amount of semantic, episodic, and auto biological memory that can be successfully retrieved from a given input. Thus, our results suggest that divergent thinking involves a more effective multimodal information retrieval compared to that of convergent thinking.
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