퇴계의 이단배척과 교육적 함의

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to study rejecting the heretical(異端排斥) and its meaning with an intent to examining Toe-Gye(退溪) philosophy's identity and legitimacy. The reason why his rejecting the heretical(異端 排斥) is chosen for this research as follows; First, Toe-Gye(退溪) is a legitimate Neo-Confucian scholar who is sure of the legitimacy of the doctrines of Chu-tzu. Second, it is true that the doctrines of Chu-tzu in China was not established in a stable social atmosphere. Third, Toe-Gye’s rejecting the heretical(異端排斥) also tried to differentiate itself from Taoism and Buddism. In the process of differentiation, the Toe-Gye study had become philosophically logic and sophisticated. Accordingly, the study of rejecting the heretical(異端排斥) is both the starting point and the ending point in studying Toe-Gye's philosophy. The teachings of Wang Yangming are vital in understanding Toe-Gye rejecting the heretical(異端排斥). Toe-Gye criticised the teachings of Wang Yangming in Jeonseumrokppyeon(傳習錄辯; critical argument about the Chuanxilu). In the book, Toe-Gye criticised something about Jaechinmin(在親民) which is in The Great Learning(大學), about Mind is Principle(心卽理), a way to seek for good, about specific explanation to Jieojiseon(至善; to rest in the highest excellence or supreme good), and about Zhixingheyi(知行合一; The Unity of Knowledge and Action). Nonetheless, his criticism shows that he tried to reveal the limitation of Yangmingism. Unlike his attitude to Taoism and other thought, his criticism on Yangmingism was much more severe. The reason is that Mind-Philosophy(心學) in Yangmingism was closer to Buddism even though Yangmingism belongs to Confucianism. Toe-gye's criticism on Yangmingism seemed to be biased. Toe-gye's rejecting the heretical(異 端排斥) has its meanings from the aspect of consilient. First, it was a trial to build a complete Neo-Confucian idea. Second, clarifying the difference, his rejecting the heretical(異端排斥) had triggered academic debate. Finally, he emphasized the process-oriented attitude, not the outcome-oriented. Hence, the conception of heresy is a matter of right and wrong. In the middle of proving that his own opinions were correct, with process-oriented attitude, Toe-gye tried to draw a conclusion which is completed by modifications, transformation, and consensus.