Prevalence of Nomophobia in University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nomophobia in university students. Methods: A systematicsearch was conducted of the following databases: Web of Science/ Core Collection, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid/MEDLINE until March 2021. Cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of nomophobia in undergraduate or postgraduateuniversity students that assessed nomophobia with the 20-item Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) tool were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. A meta-analysis of proportionswas performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using sensitivity analysis according to the risk ofbias, and subgrouping by country, sex, and major. Results: We included 28 cross-sectional studies with a total of 11,300 participantsfrom eight countries, of which 23 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of mild nomophobia was 24%(95% confidence interval [CI], 20%–28%; I2 = 95.3%), that of moderate nomophobia was 56% (95% CI, 53%–60%; I2 = 91.2%),and that of severe nomophobia was 17% (95% CI, 15%–20%; I2 = 91.7%). Regarding countries, Indonesia had the highestprevalence of severe nomophobia (71%) and Germany had the lowest (3%). The prevalence was similar according to sex andmajor. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of moderate and severe nomophobia in university students. Interventionsare needed to prevent and treat this problem in educational institutions.
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nomophobia in university students. Methods: A systematicsearch was conducted of the following databases: Web of Science/ Core Collection, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid/MEDLINE until March 2021. Cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of nomophobia in undergraduate or postgraduateuniversity students that assessed nomophobia with the 20-item Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) tool were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. A meta-analysis of proportionswas performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using sensitivity analysis according to the risk ofbias, and subgrouping by country, sex, and major. Results: We included 28 cross-sectional studies with a total of 11,300 participantsfrom eight countries, of which 23 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of mild nomophobia was 24%(95% confidence interval [CI], 20%–28%; I2 = 95.3%), that of moderate nomophobia was 56% (95% CI, 53%–60%; I2 = 91.2%),and that of severe nomophobia was 17% (95% CI, 15%–20%; I2 = 91.7%). Regarding countries, Indonesia had the highestprevalence of severe nomophobia (71%) and Germany had the lowest (3%). The prevalence was similar according to sex andmajor. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of moderate and severe nomophobia in university students. Interventionsare needed to prevent and treat this problem in educational institutions.
참고문헌 (19)
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