Association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in South Korean adolescents: a secondary data analysis
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Purpose: The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents. Methods: Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46–2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87–2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflictwith peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89–5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84–5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75–5.46). Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.
Abstract
Purpose: The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents. Methods: Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46–2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87–2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflictwith peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89–5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84–5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75–5.46). Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.
참고문헌 (35)
- Busch PA, "Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use : a systematic literature review of an emerging research area", Computers in Human Behavior, 114, pp.106414~ (2021)[DOI]
- "Number of smartphone mobile network subscriptions worldwide from 2016 to 2022, with forecasts from 2023 to 2028" (2023)[URL]
- "Smartphone ownership and Internet usage continues to climb in emerging economies" (2016)[URL]
- "2012-2023 Smartphone usage & brand survey" (2023)[URL]
- "Percentage of teenagers in the United States who have access to a smartphone at home as of April 2018, by ethnicity" (2019)[URL]
- "Ownership rate of smartphones in South Korea as of September 2022, by age group" (2022)[URL]
- Ricoy MC, "Social overview of smartphone use by teenagers", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), pp.15068~ (2022)[DOI]
- Abi-Jaoude E, "Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(6), pp.E136~E141 (2020)[DOI]
- Health advisory on social media use in adolescence, "American Psychological Association (APA)", APA, 3~7 (2023)
- Freitas BHBM, "Relationship between lifestyle and self-reported smartphone addiction in adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic : a mixed-methods study", Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 65, pp.82~90 (2022)[DOI]
- The survey on smartphone overdependence, "Ministry of Science and ICT", Ministry of Science and ICT, ~, pp.NIA VIII-RSE-C-22052 (2022)
- Brand M, "The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution(I-PACE)model for addictive behaviors : update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors", Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, pp.1~10 (2019)[DOI]
- Brodersen K, "Smartphone use and mental health among youth : it is time to develop smartphone-specific screen time guidelines", Youth, 2(1), pp.23~38 (2022)[DOI]
- Ge MW, "The relationship between loneliness and Internet or smartphone addiction among adolescents : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Psychological Reports (2023)[DOI]
- Wang L, "Fear of missing out(FOMO)associates with reduced cortical thickness in core regions of the posterior default mode network and higher levels of problematic smartphone and social media use", Addictive Behaviors, 143, pp.107709~ (2023)[DOI]
- Marciano L, "Duration, frequency, and time distortion: which is the best predictor of problematic smartphone use in adolescents? A trace data study", PLoS One, 17(2), pp.e0263815~ (2022)[DOI]
- Tateno M, "Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and Hikikomori trait in Japanese young adult : social isolation and social network", Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, pp.455~ (2019)[DOI]
- Yoo SY, "Harm avoidance, daily stress, and problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents", Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, pp.962189~ (2022)[DOI]
- von Elm E, "The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)statement : guidelines for reporting observational studies", PLoS Medicine, 4(10), pp.e296~ (2007)[DOI]
- "The 16th (2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey" (2021)[URL]
- 2016 Digital culture forum policy research report, "National Information Society Agency(NIA)", NIA, ~, pp.NIA V-RER-B-16007 (2016)
- Spitzer RL, "A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder : the GAD-7", Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), pp.1092~1097 (2006)[DOI]
- Wang D, "Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown in China", Journal of Affective Disorders, 299, pp.628~635 (2022)[DOI]
- Kim SG, "The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit", hyperactivity in South Korean adolescents, 2019, pp.18, 1~
- Squires LR, "Psychological distress, emotion dysregulation, and coping behaviour : a theoretical perspective of problematic smartphone use", International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(4), pp.1284~1299 (2021)[DOI]
- Song J, "Exploring Korean adolescent stress on social media : a semantic network analysis", PeerJ, 11, pp.e15076~ (2023)[DOI]
- Sohn SY, "Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people : a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence", BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), pp.356~ (2019)[DOI]
- "Basic plan to prevent and resolve smartphone-internet overdependence for sound utilization of intelligent information services (2022~2024)" (2022)[URL]
- MacDonald KB, "Loneliness unlocked : associations with smartphone use and personality", Acta Psychologica, 221, pp.103454~ (2021)[DOI]
- Kim H, "Association between smartphone usage and mental health in South Korean adolescents : the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey", Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 41(2), pp.98~104 (2020)[DOI]
- Twenge JM, "Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness", Journal of Adolescence, 93(1), pp.257~269 (2021)[DOI]
- Thakur H, "Adolescent loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic : the role of pre-pandemic risk factors", Child Indicators Research, 16(2), pp.617~639 (2023)[DOI]
- Pereira FS, "Impact of problematic smartphone use on mental health of adolescent students : association with mood, symptoms of depression, and physical activity", Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 23(9), pp.619~626 (2020)[DOI]
- Exploring the causes of youth suicide and researching prevention measures: considering developmental characteristics of adolescence, "Seo GU", National Youth Policy Institute, ~, pp.21-R21 (2021)
- Althubaiti A, "Information bias in health research : definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods", Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9, pp.211~217 (2016)[DOI]