뉴먼(Newman)의 ‘대학의 이념’과 교양교육의 지향

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the idea of university education and liberal arts education aimed at 『The Idea of a University』 written by Newman. The summary of the discussion so far is as follows. First, according to Newman, knowledge produces the development of the mind. Knowledge is of value in itself and is pursued by its own purpose. The exploration of knowledge requires freedom to pursue truth. All knowledge is organically related, and religious truth exists at its highest level. Knowledge is based on religiosity, and illative sense with a religious character operates to make the whole perception. According to Newman, a university is a place of study. Theology is one discipline and is the foundation of all disciplines. Academic (science) and religion (theology) do not contradict each other. Theology achieves the integrity of truth beyond the limits of scholarship. Second, the purpose of the university is to cultivate intellectuals, not experts. For this reason, university education should concentrate on the knowledge education. In recognition of the 'crisis of the university', Newman said that the university is a place where universal knowledge is taught, a field for the pursuit of total knowledge, educational activities aimed at the integration of knowing. The university is an educational institution that contributes to the education of the whole-person, and the training place to make a good citizens in a society. Third, liberal arts education is a university education itself. Liberal education should aim at the formation of philosophical habits on mind. Person need to acquire the virtues such as freedom, justice, temperance, and wisdom. Liberal education is to cultivate a free spirit, to develop useful abilities by itself, and to raise a shrine as a result. Above all, a university should educate gentlemen through liberal arts curriculum. The university's curriculum should lead to an understanding of human, nature, and God. Liberal arts courses are composed of grammar, mathematics, chronology, geography, history, writing in verse, poetry, classical literature, science, art, philosophy, and theology. The method of liberal arts education should be achieved through intellectual training, an explanatory method focused on delivery, learning through experience and insight, and activation of illative sense.