탈중심화가 내부초점적 반응양식과 우울증상에 미치는 영향
The Role of Decentering in the Relationship between Rumination and Depressive Symptoms
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본 연구에서는 탈중심화(decentering)가 반성적 반응이 병리적인 반추적 반응으로 악화되는 과정을 억제함으로써 우울에 대한 예방효과를 가질 것이라는 가설을 경험적으로 검증하였다. 연구 Ⅰ에서는 탈중심화 척도(Experiences Questionnaire)를 번안하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였다. 연구 Ⅱ에서는 Segal 등(2002)의 제안에 근거하여 탈중심화가 우울증에 특징적인 반추적 패턴의 활성화를 억제함으로써 우울의 예방요인으로서 기능하는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 195명의 대학생을 대상으로 연구 Ⅰ에서 타당화된 탈중심화 척도와 반추적 반응척도 및 Beck 우울척도를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 탈중심화, 반성적 반응, 반추적 반응 및 우울증상의 관계에 대한 구조방정식 모형 분석 결과, 높은 반성적 반응과 낮은 탈중심화 수준은 반추적 반응을 증가시켜 우울증상에 기여한다는 설명 모형이 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 탈중심화가 우울한 기분의 점증을 가져오는 반추적 악순환을 억제함으로써 우울의 예방요인으로 기능하며, 우울에 차별적 영향을 미치는 내부초점적 반응양식을 구별할 수 있는 변인임을 시사한다. 이러한 결과는 문제를 해결하고 자신에 대한 통찰을 얻기 위하여 우울한 기분에 대하여 내부초점적 반응을 취하는 경우일지라도 탈중심화된 관점을 유지하지 못하면 자칫 병리적인 반추적 반응에 몰입하여 우울로 심화될 수 있다는 임상적 함의를 지닌다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
Decentering is defined as the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary, objective events in the mind. The ability to adopt a decentered view is a concept that has held some importance early within the cognitive-behavioral tradition. Recently, Segal, Williams and Teasdale(2002) propose/d that decentering would play a crucial role in preventing depression by blocking reactivation of the ruminative cognitive-affective processing. The current study sought to explore how decentering influences the relationship between rumination and depression. Specifically, the prediction that decentering would decrease brooding thereby reducing depressive symptoms was tested. In Study 1, the Experiences Questionnaire(EQ) was translated and validated as a self-report measure of decentering. Study 2 attempted to test the prediction that decentering would function as a protective factor in depression by reducing the levels of ruminative processing. The result of structural equation modeling suggested that high reflection and low decentering increase the level of brooding and consequently contribute to more depressive symptoms. The results of this study indicate that decentering is a concept of importance in maintaining mental health and can discriminate functionally different components of self-focused response. More importantly, the present study provides the initial empirical support for the prediction that decentering would prevent depression by reducing maladaptive form of rumination, brooding. This finding suggests that engaging in self-focused response to depressed mood in the absence of decentering is likely to progress to more depression. Lastly, some implications and limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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