송하인 등 하주의 운송물에 관한 주의의무
A Study on the Shipper’s Duty of the Care of the Cargo
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In the Article Ⅲ(1) of Hague-Visby Rules, subject to the provisions of Article Ⅳ, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried. This Article is adopted in Article 795(1) of Korean Commercial Code, but with some variation. The standard of ‘properly and carefully’ is not different from that of ‘due diligence’ in Korean Commercial Code. Hague-Visby Rules imposes some specific obligations about how the carrier must perform its contract, for example, and detail some of the legal consequences of the carrier’s failure to perform, but it does not explicitly declare the carrier’s most basic obligation simply to perform the core contract. The wording of Article Ⅲ(2) of Hague-Visby Rules implies a continuous obligation on the carrier running from the commencement of loading to the completion of discharge. This presupposes that the carrier has undertaken to load and discharge the cargo, whereas occasionally the contract may provide that these operations are to be performed by shore-based tackle at the responsibility of the shipper or consignee. The Article Ⅲ(2) does not oblige the carrier to perform these obligations but merely provides that, if he has undertaken to do so, he must perform them properly and carefully. The shipper, namely, cargo-owner shall deliver the goods ready for carriage. In any event, the shipper shall deliver the goods in such condition that they will withstand the intended carriage, including their loading, handling. stowing, lashing and securing, and unloading, and that they will not cause harm to persons or property. When a container is packed or a vehicle is loaded by the shipper, the shipper shall properly and carefully stow, lash and secure the contents in or on the container or vehicle, and in such a way that will not cause harm to persons or property. In effect, such a transfer of responsibility does not contravene the Rules, since it is intended merely to define the scope of the contract of carriage and not the terms on which the cargo is to be carried.
Abstract
In the Article Ⅲ(1) of Hague-Visby Rules, subject to the provisions of Article Ⅳ, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried. This Article is adopted in Article 795(1) of Korean Commercial Code, but with some variation. The standard of ‘properly and carefully’ is not different from that of ‘due diligence’ in Korean Commercial Code. Hague-Visby Rules imposes some specific obligations about how the carrier must perform its contract, for example, and detail some of the legal consequences of the carrier’s failure to perform, but it does not explicitly declare the carrier’s most basic obligation simply to perform the core contract. The wording of Article Ⅲ(2) of Hague-Visby Rules implies a continuous obligation on the carrier running from the commencement of loading to the completion of discharge. This presupposes that the carrier has undertaken to load and discharge the cargo, whereas occasionally the contract may provide that these operations are to be performed by shore-based tackle at the responsibility of the shipper or consignee. The Article Ⅲ(2) does not oblige the carrier to perform these obligations but merely provides that, if he has undertaken to do so, he must perform them properly and carefully. The shipper, namely, cargo-owner shall deliver the goods ready for carriage. In any event, the shipper shall deliver the goods in such condition that they will withstand the intended carriage, including their loading, handling. stowing, lashing and securing, and unloading, and that they will not cause harm to persons or property. When a container is packed or a vehicle is loaded by the shipper, the shipper shall properly and carefully stow, lash and secure the contents in or on the container or vehicle, and in such a way that will not cause harm to persons or property. In effect, such a transfer of responsibility does not contravene the Rules, since it is intended merely to define the scope of the contract of carriage and not the terms on which the cargo is to be carried.
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