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충동성 측정도구로서 지연 디스카운팅 과제 (Delay Discounting Task)의 상대적 유용성 평가

Utility of Delay Discounting Task as a Measure of Impulsivity

정경미|최부열
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2011.11|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제30권 제4호|pp. 845-869|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2011.30.4.002

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참고문헌

키워드

충동성Impulsivity지연 디스카운팅 과제자기관리Delay Discounting TaskSelf-Management
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 충동성을 측정하는 행동과제 도구인 지연 디스카운팅 과제의 유용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충동성 관련 행동인 자기관리 수행능력 수준에 따라 지연 디스카운팅 과제 수행에 차이가 있는지 확인하였으며, 지연 디스카운팅 과제 및 자기보고식 설문, 자기관리 수행능력의 상관관계를 탐색하였다. 끝으로 자기관리 수행능력에 대한 지연 디스카운팅 과제의 독립적인 영향력을 살펴봤다. 참가자는 대학교에서 개설된 자기관리 수업의 수강생이었으며, 참가자들이 한 학기동안 직접 자기관리 프로젝트를 수행한 행동을 평가해 종속 변인으로 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 자기관리 수행능력 수준이 낮은 집단이 높은 집단에 비해 지연에 따라 감소되는 디스카운팅 정도가 큰 양상을 보였고, 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 지연 디스카운팅 값을 보고하여 더 높은 충동성을 보여줬다. 지연 디스카운팅 과제와 자기보고식 설문 모두 자기관리 수행능력과 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 두 도구 간의 상관은 유의하지 않았다. 끝으로, 성별 및 자기보고식 설문 변인을 통제하고도 지연 디스카운팅 과제가 유의한 설명 변량이 있다고 보고되었다. 이 결과는 지연 디스카운팅 과제가 충동성 관련 행동을 설명하는 데 유용한 도구임을 보여줬으며, 충동성 연구에 자기보고식 설문과 행동과제 도구의 복합적인 사용이 필요함을 시사하였다. 이와 같은 의의와 더불어 한계점 및 추후 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Delay Discounting Task, one of the behavioral tasks that measure impulsivity. Self-management ability was used as a dependent variable for the impulsive behavior. First, the difference in the performance of delay discounting task between the high-level and low-level self-management ability groups was explored. Second, correlations among the delay discounting task, a self-report questionnaire, and self-management ability were investigated. Finally, through controlling a self-report questionnaire measure, the independent influence of the delay discounting task on self-management ability was examined. Participants were 74 undergraduate students attending a self-management course at the university. Individuals performed a self-management project during a semester of the course and submitted a report including all related behaviors at the end of the semester. The report was evaluated and used as a dependent variable. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used as a self-report questionnaire measure. Results showed that the low-level self-management ability group reported significantly lower value in delay discounting task than the high-level group; this reflected a higher level of impulsivity for the low-level group. Both BIS-11 and the delay discounting task were significantly correlated with self-management ability, yet the correlation between BIS-11 and the delay discounting task was not significant. Furthermore, significant effect of the delay discounting task on the self- management ability was found even after controlling gender and BIS-11. These results implied that the delay discounting task was a useful measure that indicated impulsivity-related behaviors differently than the self-report. This suggests the need to utilize two different measures when evaluating impulsivity. More implications and limitations are discussed.

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