소련공산당 정치국의 대한반도 관련 「결정」과 북한정부의 성격 구상(1945-1948년)

Abstract

This study introduces the Soviet politburo's decisions on Korean peninsula and North Korea for three years since its liberation, and investigates Kremlin's political opinions on character of North Korea government through analysis of the decisions on the process of North Korea government establishment in 1948. The politburo's decision finally affirmed the agreement between the Soviet and the North Korean leadership. However, according to main political issues, such contents may be revised. In 1945-1948, the Soviet Politburo presented about 28 decisions on the Korean peninsula. Except a few of them, most of them had insignificant influence on the political condition of the Korean peninsula. But change in the Politburo's positions can be traced from its three decisions made from February to April, and they have significant meaning in identifying the process of North Korea government establishment and it's character. In early 1948, North Korean and the Soviet military leadership tried to affirm the constitution through the Congress of People´s Commissars, where the leaders of South Korea' parties and organizations were to attend and establish a unified government. However, the Kremlin had an aversion to the presented political schedule earlier than South Korea. And the Soviet Politburo suggested establishing an interim government that consisted of representatives of South and North Korea prior to joint conference of representatives of political parties and public organizations in North and South Korea in April, which was the second stage of government establishment. The Kremlin's political directions aimed to follow this suggestion. But the Kremlin suddenly attempted to change the status of the interim and transitional government of North Korea into a "unified government" during joint conference of representatives of political parties and public organizations in North and South Korea. It reflected the Kremlin's intention to deal with the changing political situation of South Korea’s independent elections. On the contrary, the Soviet military leadership tried to deal with the North Korean establishment while adhering to the interim and transitional government. On the other hand, Kremlin executed a policy to induce enactment of the constitution with no color of communism as fast as possible. Key Word：Soviet Politburo, Korean Peninsula, North Korea, Government Establishment, Constitution, Kremlin Kremlin and the Soviet military leadership agreed with establishment of the North Korean government under the condition that US-engineered "separate" election in South Korea were decided, but there was somewhat of an opinion gap on this. It is guessed that the Soviet military leadership led by Shtykov, who was faithful to Kremlin's decision, was embarrassed by the Kremlin's changing position. This issue indicates that it was just a difference in ways rather than the nature when viewed in the level of North Korea government establishment. It was evident that the communist parties considered it as a unified government regardless of how the government was established. Nevertheless, the change in political condition on the Korean peninsula would have been different in many aspects if there was a more flexible reaction in the communist parties's strategic judgment.