고려시대 巫敎의 自然觀과 그 추이－ ‘移風易俗’의 논리를 중심으로 －

Abstract

When the Kingdom of Goryo began, the role of the shaman king was abrogated and Palguanhoe(八關會) was often treated as a wrongly dedicated ritual(淫祀). However, Korean Shamanism subsisted among both individuals and communities, as its rituals influenced practices in the 12th century. I think the fact that such rituals had been maintained ever afterward means views of god and nature in Korean Shamanism had not changed. Thus, we may infer that the views of nature in Korean Shamanism are as in the flowing. Firstly, this implies that life cycling with believing in the relief of the soul. Secondly, it is subjected to a anthropocentric view of nature based on the ancestor in a broad sense. Thirdly, it is based on the symbiotic relationship between god and human beings, and fourthly it is founded on harmony that pursues reconciliation among heaven, earth, and man. Originally, the reasons for the reception of Confucian rituals were to establish a centralized state and establish politics by the rule of right(王道政治) through making holy the royal authority by linking it with the mandate of heaven. At that time, the Goryo Dynasty continued to popularize the Wolryung(月令, monthly duty and prohibition) in order to support the ritual system. This action was implemented to understand nature and to cultivate a way of life. It established the course by which the state would accept Confucian physiocracy and make people understand the Chinese view of nature. Korean Shamanism and Confucianism were based on the same spiritual principles, as they both worshipped ancestors and nature. In spite of this fact, god (or nature) in Confucianism did not coexist with human beings, as can be seen in Korean Shamanism; instead, god is the entity who can punish human beings. As the result of this, a complicated structure was formed between Korean Shamanism and Confucianism due to the different views of nature.