재일조선인 여성에 대한 일상적이고 미묘한 차별

Abstract

This paper examines daily, subtle discrimination against Zainichi Korean women, using the concept of microaggression. In recent years, Japan has seen dramatic increases in hate speech against Koreans and those perceived to be Korean. This paper focuses on everyday discrimination and oppression which support hate speech. The concept of microaggression was first proposed in the United States in the late 1960s and has been renewed in the 2000s by a psychology and educational professor Derald W. Sue. This concept captured brief and commonplace verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities, which occur with mainstream acceptance. Whether intentional or unintentional, microaggressions communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative prejudicial slights and insults toward members of social minority groups. First, this paper examines data from the survey entitled "The Second Apro Survey on Korean Women in Japan: A Questionnaire on Everyday Difficulties" which was implemented in 2016. In addition, specific experiences of “discrimination” are described there. Next, the concept of microaggression is introduced and applied to cases obtained in the Survey. Finally, we examine the applicability of ‘multiple/compound discrimination’ and ‘intersectionality’ to analyze the cases of microaggressions reported by Zainichi Korean women. Discrimination against Zainichi Korean women is focused on a type of ethnic discrimination and the aspect of discrimination against women is overlooked, but if we look closely at the cases and use the framework of multiple/intersectional discrimination, we can see that gender is a factor that triggers discrimination and microaggressions.