신라 통일기 罽衿幢ㆍ二罽幢의 설치와 확대

Abstract

Kim Chun-chu’s force seizing political authority through suppression over Bidam․Yeomjong’s Uprising had Queen Jindeok as head and solidified its power. It promoted diplomacy to Tang in order to strengthen its ruling system internally and get rid of national crisis externally. In the 2nd year of Queen Jindeok (648), Kim Chun-chu went on an envoy with his son, Munwang. Since Tang’s Tai-zong gave positive responses promising to dispatch its troops, a Silla-Tang alliance was established successfully, and Silla struggled to induce Tang’s military system. It was because the system grounded on the law that had been executed from the reign of King Beopheung was not sufficient institutionally. Silla appointed the commander of the army in the battle field for the unification of the Three States as Chonggwan (摠管), and it was the result of accepting Tang’s Haenggun (行軍) system. After ascending the throne after the death of Queen Jindeok, Kim Chun-chu propelled the establishment of new order forcibly. Gyegeumdang was an example of it, and it was the foundation of Yulryeonggun (律令軍) based on the legal system during mid-Silla. It does not simply mean the extension of one more corps but the formation of a new military organization symbolizing the order of mid-Silla. Gyegeumdang’s badge was a symbolic icon claiming to support the new military system as a corps directly controlled by the royal family of mid-Silla. 21 out of 23 military officers of Gyegeumdang were, in fact, the commanders of mounted troops, so it means that Gyegeumdang played the central roles of military power as mobile troops during the unification of the Three States. It was the nuclear, military-based institutional maintenance backing up the order of mid-Silla. After the collapse of Goguryeo and Baekje, the development of Silla-Tang’s War influenced the extension of Gyegeumdang. Because previously, the main corpses of Silla were organized mostly with foot soldiers affiliated to mounted troops, it was limited to confront Tang’s troops with them. 91% of Gyegeumdang were mounted troops, and it was much higher than that of Seodang (25%) or Nangdang (26%). They played roles as the mobile troops of Silla’s army then practically. It was the new organization of corpses and new operation of military power. As the battle field was extended to the east of the Korean Peninsula, Gyegeumdang was dispatched in division to the central area (Gyegeumdang) and the countryside (Hansanjugyedang). With the installation of Usujugyedang, Igyedang (二罽幢) was completed. Gyegeumdang symbolized Silla’s offensive defense strategies, and it also implies that the unification of the Three States was not the passive result gained by the withdrawal of Tang’s army but the historical result accomplished through an aggressive fight.