식민지 주민 동원의 유산과 변용

Abstract

This research examined the historical characteristic of semiofficial residents'organizations in urban towns and rural villages from 1910's to 1970's. Former studies on this subject did not take account of the temporal and spatial continuity. However, this study tried to comprehend synthetically the characteristics of residents' organizations in urban towns and rural villages, before and after the Japanese colonial period. The mobilization of residents was based on the area named 'mauel', 'chollak' and 'dong', which are traditional self-governing communities. The state power - the colonial authorities and the Korean government - tried to make the best use of the energy inherent in traditional communities. Both the Rural Development Society(Nongchon Jinheunghoi) in farming area and the Town Residents Society(Jeonghoi) in urban area under the japanese imperialistic rule were the systems which used the traditional self government power for the administration of the state. This system resulted in promoting the efficiency of governance. As it played important roles in minimizing residents'resistance against colonial authorities and redeeming financial and human shortages for administration by mobilizing the traditional community customs and native volunteer elites. This residents mobilization system developed in the colonial period did not collapse after the 1945's independence. It was reformed for the purpose of anticommunism. The emergence of the Cold War and the divided states prevented the new government from clearing away the remains of Japanese colonialism, and allowed it to justify maintaining and reforming them. The New Village Movement(Saemaeal Undong) known as the best successful residents' mobilization policy for rural development is based on the remains of the colonial mobilization system.