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평가적 조건화가 알코올에 대한 음주자의 암묵적 태도에 미치는 영향

The effects of evaluative conditioning on implicit attitudes toward alcohol in drinkers

이장한|최윤정
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2012.11|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제31권 제4호|pp. 869-882|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.4.001

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참고문헌

키워드

알코올 갈망평가적 조건화접근-회피 암묵적 연합검사접근 행동경향성Alcohol cravingsEvaluative conditioningApproach-avoidance implicit association testApproach action tendency
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 평가적 조건화(Evaluative conditioning: EC)처치기법이 알코올에 대한 음주자의 암묵적 및 외현적 태도 변화에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 알코올 사용장애검사와 한 달 음주량을 기준으로 과음자 18명과 저음자 13명을 선별하여, 모든 피험자에게 알코올 관련 자극과 부적 정서자극을 반복적으로 연합제시하는 EC처치를 실시하였다. EC처치에 따른 알코올에 대한 외현적 및 암묵적 태도를 측정하기 위해 자기보고식 설문지와 접근-회피 암묵적 연합검사를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 과음자집단이 저음자집단보다 알코올에 대한 높은 외현적 갈망과 강한 암묵적 접근 행동경향성을 지니고 있었으며, EC처치 후 과음자집단과 저음자집단 모두 알코올에 대한 외현적 갈망뿐만 아니라 암묵적 접근 행동경향성이 감소하였다. 따라서 EC기법이 알코올 남용과 재발의 중요기제인 동기적, 암묵적 태도를 변화시키는데 효과적임을 확인하였으며, 암묵적 태도의 결과를 통해 외현적 결과가 지닌 사회적 바람직성과 의도적 왜곡의 한계를 어느정도 보완할 수 있었다.

Abstract

The purpose of current study was to examine the effects of evaluative conditioning (EC) on changing explicit and implicit attitudes toward alcohol in drinkers. Participants included of 18 heavy drinkers and 13 light drinkers, based on the Korean-language version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and alcohol consumption. All participants were subjected to an EC, which consistently pairs alcohol-related stimuli with negative stimuli. In addition, assessment of explicit and implicit attitudes toward alcohol was performed using self-report questionnaires and the approach-avoidance alcohol Implicit Association Test (approach-avoidance alcohol IAT). According to the results, heavy drinkers showed higher scores on explicit alcohol cravings and a more implicit approach tendency toward alcohol-related stimuli than light drinkers. In addition, use of the EC resulted in successful reduction of explicit craving and implicit approach action tendency in both groups. The findings of the current study supported the effectiveness of the EC task in changing motivational and implicit attitudes toward alcohol, which is an important mechanism in alcohol abuse and relapse. Furthermore, based on the results for implicit attitudes, it can supplement the limits of socially desirability and intended bias, which are characteristics of explicit results.

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