왕부지 역학에서 반관(反觀)의 의미 ― 로고테라피와 비블리오테라피의 관점에서 ―

Abstract

This paper examines how Wang Fuzhi chose a type of life to pursue based on ≪Zhouyi(周易)≫ to overcome the chaos during the late Ming dynasty and beginning of Qing dynasty, by comparing and examining the theories logotherapy and bibliotherapy. First of all, Wang Fuzhi emphasized that FanGuan should precede to explore the meanings of a life. FanGuan literally refers to reflecting back on oneself. He transferred his own inner side and life to ≪Zhouyi≫ for FanGuan and introspection. His interpretation of ≪Zhouyi≫ via FanGuan can be explained by bibliotherapy theories such as “Verisimilitude” and “Defamiliarization”. Moreover, as existential analysis is the first step for logotherapy, FanGuan is similar in a sense that it is also the basic step to live a life realizing righteousness(義). Wang Fuzhi chose to live a life as a Confucianist who goes into seclusion and studies scriptures through FanGuan. He had a sense of duty that he should make himself useful when the wise king appeared and enlighten the world through studying the scriptures. He abandoned personal interests to pursue public interests and he found the meanings of life aligned with the value of righteousness. Frankl and Wang Fuzhi had similarities since Frankl also determined the meanings of life based on morality and pursued a moral life. However, in terms of Wang Fuzhi’s Qi Philosophy, his meanings of life are not limited to pursuing an private life of righteousness. His intention reaches qualitative improvement of the universe and realization of a better world. In this paper, I approach it as an interpretation of Wang Fuzhi regarding the great spirit(浩然 之氣). Lastly, Wang Fuzhi stated that pursuing only righteousness does not lead to the life of righteousness. He perceived “Desire” as the driving force, and the desire of human beings that can be directed toward the moral consciousness and the humanistic ideals. This is comparable to “will to meaning” which is the essence of logotherapy.