Forensic DNA Analysis for Discrimination of Hybrid Fishes : A Case Report from National Forensic Service, South Korea
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Ssangji carp is a hybrid fish produced by crossbreed of Carassius carassius and Cyprinus carpio (or Cyprinus carpio nudus). In Korea, import of the hybrid fishes is strictly prohibited because the hybrid fishes can destruct the ecosystem by disturbing food-chain as well as by transmitting exotic diseases. However, Ssangji carp produced in a foreign country is illegally being released to fishing places. Therefore we selected two target genes, recombination activating 1 (RAG1) and mitochondrial cytochrome b, for genetic identification of the hybrid fishes and analyzed base sequences of the genes. We found 6 different bases exist when we compared RAG1 gene sequences of C. carassius and C. carpio (or C. carpio nudus). In particular, the hybrid fishes showed double peaks on the 6 base positions indicating expression of both C. carassius and C. carpio (or C. carpio nudus). Maternal line of the fishes was identified by mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This forensic study provides the forensic analysis method for discrimination of the hybrid fishes.
Abstract
Ssangji carp is a hybrid fish produced by crossbreed of Carassius carassius and Cyprinus carpio (or Cyprinus carpio nudus). In Korea, import of the hybrid fishes is strictly prohibited because the hybrid fishes can destruct the ecosystem by disturbing food-chain as well as by transmitting exotic diseases. However, Ssangji carp produced in a foreign country is illegally being released to fishing places. Therefore we selected two target genes, recombination activating 1 (RAG1) and mitochondrial cytochrome b, for genetic identification of the hybrid fishes and analyzed base sequences of the genes. We found 6 different bases exist when we compared RAG1 gene sequences of C. carassius and C. carpio (or C. carpio nudus). In particular, the hybrid fishes showed double peaks on the 6 base positions indicating expression of both C. carassius and C. carpio (or C. carpio nudus). Maternal line of the fishes was identified by mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This forensic study provides the forensic analysis method for discrimination of the hybrid fishes.
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