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여성 교도관의 역할 확대에 따른 긍정적·부정적 효과: 외국사례 검토

Positive and negative effects of women correctional officers in male prisons

박선영
아시아교정포럼 (Asian Forum for Corrections)|2018.12|교정담론 (Korean Journal of Correctional Discourse)|제12권 제3호|pp. 73-102

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참고문헌

키워드

수형자미국여성rehabilitationwomen교도관U.S.A.prisonerscorrectional officers교정교화

초록

교정직은 경찰직, 소방직과 함께 남녀분리모집을 고수하고 있는 조직이며 이는 명백히 남녀고용평등에 위배되는 관행이다. 교도소라는 특수한 공간에서 여성에 대한 위험이 존재하고 남성 수형자를 통제할 수 없다는 이유지만, 이는 성별 고정관념에 기반한 주장이며, 우수한 여성인력의 교정직 진출을 막고 있다는 비판을 받고 있다. 미국, 영국, 캐나다, 호주, 일본, 대만 등은 여성 교도관을 남성 수형자와 접촉하는 위치에까지 배치하는 정책을 취하고 있다. 이러한 국가들은 여성 교도관의 남성 교도소 배치가 가져오는 긍정적인 효과와 함께 우려되는 문제점도 함께 보고하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여성 교도관을 남성 수형자와 접촉하는 위치에 배치한 미국의 사례를 통해 배경, 발전과정, 긍정적인 효과, 문제점, 문제점에 대한 대응 등을 검토하였다. 검토 결과를 토대로 향후 우리나라 교정현장에서도 적용될 수 있는 시사점으로, 여성 교도관의 남성 교도소 배치를 단계적으로 확대할 것, 이를 위한 인식변화 노력을 기울일 것, 문제 행동에 대한 명확한 처벌과 가이드라인 개발, 성별 맞춤형 교도관 훈련 프로그램 개발과 시행을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Due to the gender-stereo type and myth of women, in Korea women correctional officers cannot work in male prison as a contact position officer, which is against the gender equal employment principle. Including Japan and Taiwan as well as U.S.A, New Zealand, UK. and Australia, cross-gender supervision in prisons has been introduced since 1970s. Research on women correctional officers in male prison as contact officers produced mix results. As positive effects of women officers, prison atmosphere and inmates’ attitudes are improved due to the women officers’ communication skills. In addition, women are more likely to be rehabilitation and reentry-oriented, which is helpful for prisoner’s successful reentry into society. Inmates and male correctional officers’ perception toward women correctional officer are also positive. However, problems caused by women officers in male prison are also reported, including sexual assault, sexual harassment, violations of privacy, and women’s physical limitation. Based on research finding, introducing gender-cross supervision in Korean prison through pilot operation, changing perception of women correctional officers, developing disciplinary measures of problematic behaviors, and gender-specific training programs for correctional officers are presented as policy implications.

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관련 논문AI추천

교도소 수용자에 대한 성 교차 관리(cross-gender supervision): 쟁점과 가능성윤옥경한국교정학회 · 교정연구2019 · 제29권 제2호교정의 미래와 여성교도관의 역할 - 교정조직의 성고정관념 수준과 여성교도관의 역할확대에 대한 인식을 중심으로 -김은영, 윤옥경한국교정학회 · 교정연구2015 · 제69권 제69호교도소 직무환경에 대한 교도관의 인식 -성별 비교를 중심으로-김은영, 윤옥경한국교정학회 · 교정연구2016 · 제26권 제3호성역할 태도가 여성교도관의 역할인식에 미치는 영향최은하(사)위기관리이론과실천 · Crisisonomy2013 · 제9권 제12호젠더적 관점에서 여성수용자 교정정책에 대한 비판론천정환젠더법학연구소 · 이화젠더법학2017 · 제9권 제1호한국 여성 수형자의 처우 현황과 과제연성진아시아교정포럼 · 교정담론2016 · 제10권 제3호

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