병적 도박에서 관리기능(executive function)의 결손: 짝과제를 사용한 검증
Executive Function Deficits in Pathological Gambling: Evidence from a Paired-task Method
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 병적 도박군에서 관리기능 결손이 있다는 가설을 검증하는 것이었다. 연구 참여자는 병적 도박자 32명과 일반인 20명이었다. 관련 선행 연구들의 제한점 중 하나는 병적 도박군과 통제군의 차이가 관리기능 때문인지 다른 인지기능 때문인지가 불분명한 연구 설계를 사용한 점이다. 이러한 제한점을 개선하고자 병적 도박군과 통제군을 관리기능 의존도가 높고 낮음에 따라 구성한 6개의 짝과제에서 종합적으로 비교하였다. 결과를 보면 6개의 짝과제 중 5개의 결과가 병적 도박군에서 관리기능 결손이 있음을 제시하였다. 예를 들어, Wechsler IQ-Executive IQ의 짝과제에서 병적 도박군과 통제군의 차이는 Wechsler IQ보다 Executive IQ에서 유의하게 더 심하였다. 이러한 결과는 관리기능 이외의 다른 인지기능의 결손으로는 설명하기 힘든 점에서 관리기능결손의 가설을 강력히 지지한다. 관리기능결손은 도박 중독 이전에도 존재하며 병적 도박에 빠지게 만드는 인지적 취약성 중의 하나인 것으로추정된다.
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that pathological gamblers have executive function (EF) deficits. Participants included 32 pathological gamblers and 20 normal subjects. A common limitation in previous relevant studies was use of an experimental design that could not clearly distinguish EF deficits from other cognitive deficits. To overcome this limitation, the current study employed a paired-task method, in which one task strongly demanded executive function and the other task did not. Evidence from five out of six paired tasks indicated that the pathological gambling group had a greater deficit in the task that strongly demanded EF than the task that weakly demanded EF. For example, difference between the pathological gambling and control groups was significantly greater in Executive IQ compared to Wechsler IQ. This pattern of results, which are not easily attributable to deficits in cognitive functions other than EF, provides stronger evidence for the ‘executive dysfunction’ hypothesis for pathological gambling compared with that offered by previous related studies. EF deficits in pathological gamblers may exist even before they become involved in gambling and may likely be one of the cognitive factors that make them vulnerable to addiction to gambling.
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