도박 중독 취약성과 억제 능력의 결함
Gambling Addiction Vulnerability and Deficiency on Inhibition Ability
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초록
본 연구는 도박 중독 취약성과 집행기능 결함간의 관련성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 집행기능 중에서도 억제 기능에 초점을 맞추었고, 억제를 다차원적인 기제로 보아 행동적, 인지적 및 정서적으로구분하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 대학생 762명에게 도박 태도 및 신념 척도(K-GABS)를 실시하였고, 그 점수를 바탕으로 두 집단을 선별하였다: 도박-취약 집단(31명), 통제집단(28명). 연구 참여자들은 K-NODS와 도박경험 질문지를 작성하고 작업기억 검사를 받은 후 운동 반응의억제, 인지적 억제, 정서 반응의 억제 기능을 평가하기 위한 과제를 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 억제기능을 평가하는 과제들에서 집단 간 차이가 발견되었다. 도박에 취약한 집단은 행동적 억제와인지적 억제를 평가하기 위한 과제에서 억제 결함으로 인해 반응 조절에 실패하거나 반응시간이느려졌다. 또한 정서 반응의 억제를 평가하기 위한 과제에서 도박에 취약한 집단은 행복한 얼굴자극에 더 정확하게 반응했으며, 오경보 오류 또한 더 많이 범했다. 즉 긍정적인 정서에 성급하게반응하려는 경향을 드러냈다. 이러한 결과들은 도박에 취약한 집단에게서 포괄적으로 억제 결함이 발견되며 이런 결함은 부분적으로 충동적인 경향에 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Researches prospecting gambling issues from neurocognitive perspective are keep increasing and developing as years pass by. This study tried to investigate the relationship between gambling addiction vulnerability and deficiency on executive functions. The study focused on inhibition function among executive functions, I tried to look at it by dividing them by behavioral,cognitive, and emotional by regarding inhibition as a multi-dimensional mechanism. For this purpose, I conducted the Korean-version Gambling Attitude and Beliefs Scale(K-GABS, Breen & Zuckerman, 1999, 2005) by selecting 762 undergraduates as objective, and classified the top 7% as gambling-vulnerable group(N=31) and the bottom 7% as control group(N=28). The participants completed K-NODS(the Korean-version NORC DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems) and gambling experience questionnaire, and then participated experiment after taking working memory test. All of them did assignments for evaluating inhibition function of inhibition of motor responses, cognitive inhibition, and emotional inhibition in experimental study. Difference of group were found among inhibition function tasks as result of experimental study. First, among Stop-Signal Task for evaluating behavioral inhibition(inhibition of motor responses) the group that was vulnerable to gambling had faster reaction time for stimulation by poor inhibition compare to control group, and stop-signal delay time was shorter as well. And among Stroop Negative Priming Task for evaluating cognitive inhibition, gamblingvulnerable group slowed their reaction time by failing inhibiting of distractor stimulation. Also among Emotional Go/No-Go Task for evaluating inhibition of emotional responses, gamblingvulnerable group reacted more precisely for happy facial stimulation compare to control group,and they made more error on false alarm by failing for inhibiting on happy facial stimulation. In synthesis, gambling-vulnerable group showed defection for inhibiting prepotent motor responses and had difficulty for inhibiting distractor stimulation by poor inhibition in terms of cognitive process. They also showed tendency of failing inhibiting their reaction for positive emotional stimulation and try to act urgent. These results suggest that gambling-vulnerable group has comprehensive defection in terms of inhibition function.
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