미해결 사건의 신원불명 피해자들을 확인하기 위한 법과학 DNA 기법의 적용과정
The Application Process for the Unknown Victim’s Identification in Cold Cases using Forensic DNA Techniques
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법과학 DNA 기법을 활용하여 생물학적 혈연관계를 추적하는 것은 미해결로 남아있는 살인사건에서 신원불명의 사망 피해자를 확인하는데 매우 중요한 과정이다. 대부분의 상황에서 불상의 사망자가 연관되어 있는 사건 조사에 관한 DNA 수집은 살인사건, 불상의 변사사건 또는 다른 범죄가 관련 되었을 가정하에 수사기관에 조사가 위탁된다. 상염색체와 성염색체의 STRs (short tandem repeats)과 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) 분석 및 미토콘드리아 DNA 분석은 신원확인을 위한 법과학 DNA 분석의 현재와 미래에 중요한 역할을 하는 일반적인 마커다. 그리고 Y 염색체 STR과 SNP의 조합은 남성 기증자의 지리적 조상에 대한 가치 있는 핵심적 DNA 정보를 제공한다. 또한 미토콘드리아 DNA는 매우 다형성이 있으며, DNA 기증자의 생물지리학적 조상에 대한 통계적 추론을 제공할 수도 있다. 무엇보다도 미해결 살인사건에서 불상 피해자의 신원확인은 사건해결의 중요한 실마리를 제공할 수 있다, 따라서 현재 이용 가능한 다양한 법과학 DNA 정보를 이용하여 살인사건과 관련된 불상 피해자를 확인하는 적용방법 사례를보고하고 이에 대해 논의하고자 한다
Abstract
The usage of forensic DNA techniques to trace biological kinship is a very important process in identifying unknown deceased victims in unsolved murder cases. In most contexts, DNA collection to investigate unknown persons’ cases is entrusted to authorities under the assumption that the case may be a murder, an unnatural death or other crime. Short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and mitochondrial DNA analyses are three classes of markers which will play an important role in the present and the future of forensic DNA typing. Furthermore, the combination of Y-STRs and Y-SNPs provides valuable investigative leads on the geographical ancestry of the male trace donor. The mitochondrial DNA is highly polymorphic and can also provide statistical inferences of a DNA donor’s bio-geographical ancestry. In the case of unresolved murder, identification of unknown victim provides a clue to a very important case resolution. Therefore, we need to discuss the use forensic DNA information to identify for unknown victims of unnatural death related to murder cases.
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