조세피난처/피지배외국법인 세제의 회고와 전망
Tax Haven/CFC Rules in Historical Perspective
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초록
이 글의 논지는 조세피난처란 세계 자본주의라는 경제제체와 국가주권이라는 국제법이나 국제정치체제의 사이의 모순에서 생겨났다는 것이다. 가장 근본적인 역사적관찰은 조세피난처란 제국주의 종주국들과 그 후계자인 미국이 20세기 초에 일부러만들어내었다가 9.11 이후 없애고 있거나 없애는 편이 좋지 않을까 고민하는 중이라는 점이다. 이 글은 압도적 패권국가였던 미국과 다른 나라의 관계라는 틀로 조세피난처와 조세피난처 세제를 분석해보려는 시도이다. 논의를 당면 현안인 Pillar 1, 2로 좁혀보면 미국의 전략은 전통적 조세피난처가 아니라 자국법으로 예금주 등 소극적전주(錢主)들의 신원을 감춰주고 세금을 깎아주는 방식으로 자본조달 비용을 낮추면서 대외경쟁에서는 미국계 기업이 밀리지 않도록 다른나라도 미국과 같은 세율로 해외자회사에 세금을 물리게 하겠다는 것이다.
Abstract
Tax havens have been created by the contradiction between global nature of contemporary capitalism and the national unit or parochial nature of public international law or legal regime. The fundamental observation from history is that tax havens were intentionally produced in the early 20th century by the imperialist hegemonic countries and the United States as their heir. After 9.11, however, the necessity or use of tax havens are in serious doubt and re-examination. The paper analyzes the tax havens and the CFC rules in the context of the relation between U.S. hegemony and other nations. For the exigent issue of Pillars 1 and 2, the United States strategy for reducing foreign tax and the cost of foreign capital is to stay away from tax havens and instead to conceal the identities of foreign investors by its domestic law, while it would force other capital exporting countries to tax its CFCs at the same rate as the United States does.
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