과속운전행동의 결정요인 분석
An Analysis of Determinants of Drivers' Speeding Behavior
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사고의 위험성을 증가시키는 운전자들의 과속운전은 가장 흔한 위반행위가 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 확장된 계획행동이론(TPB)을 이용하여 이러한 과속운전행동을 예측할 수 있는 사회인지적 결정요인들을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 조절분석과 매개분석 및 이들을 결합한 조절된 매개분석을 사용하였다. 독립변수는 과속운전에 대한 태도와 주관적 규범 및 인지된 행동통제 그리고 추가로 도입된 기술적 규범이며 종속변수는 과속운전행동이다. 매개변수와 조절변수는 과속운전의도와 과속운전에 대한 예측된 후회로 정하였다. 전국의 371명의 운전자들을 대상으로 실험을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 기존의 TPB모형에 기술적 규범을 추가로 도입하였는데 이러한 기술적 규범은 과속운전의도의 분산의 설명력을 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 또한 태도와 주관적 규범 및 인지된 행동통제는 모두 과속운전의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 예측된 후회의 크기가 작을수록 과속운전의도가 실제과속운전행동에 미치는 영향이 더욱 커지는 조절효과가 나타났다. 셋째, 과속운전태도(주관적 규범, 인지된 행동통제, 기술적 규범)가 과속운전의도에 유의한 영향을 미치고 과속운전의도는 실제과속운전행동에 유의한 영향을 주는 매개효과가 발생하였다. 넷째, 예측된 후회의 크기가 작을수록 위의 매개효과는 더욱 증가하는 조절된 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이상에서 사람들의 과속운전행동을 예방하기 위해서는 과속운전에 대한 태도, 주변사람들의 과속운전에 대한 허용도, 과속운전에 대한 자신감 및 타인은 과속운전을 많이 하지 않는다는 점들을 홍보하고 아울러 과속운전을 하는 경우의 부정적결과에 대한 예측된 후회감을 증진시키는 관여가 필요하다고 할 것이다.
Abstract
Road traffic crashes are a national problem and accumulated research has demonstrated that driving faster than the legal speed limit is one of the most important violations. High speed has been related to road traffic accidents and is the main reason for people being killed or critically injured. The aim of this research was to determine what motivates drivers to speed, using the theory of planned behavior(TPB) augmented by descriptive norm and anticipated regret. It was prospective in design: TPB variables and descriptive norm and anticipated regret were measured at baseline and actual speeding behavior was measured 6 months later. Descriptive norm did have a significant effect on intention to speed over and above TPB variables. Negative moderating effect was demonstrated for drivers' behavior to speed, suggesting that drivers with low level of anticipated regret are significantly more likely to translate their intentions into actual behavior to speed. Intention partially mediated perceived behavioral control - behavior relationship and fully mediated attitude(subjective norm, descriptive norm) - behavior relationships. Anticipated regret moderated the mediated process: The strength of the mediation effect decreased along with levels of anticipated regret(moderated mediation).
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