우울한 사람들의 공감정확도와 스스로 보고한 공감능력: 대학생을 대상으로
Empathic Accuracy and Self-reported Empathic Ability in Depression Among University Students
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초록
본 연구는 우울한 사람들의 자기보고를 바탕으로 한 주관적 공감능력과 공감정확도 실험을 통해 측정된 객관적 공감능력 간의 관련성을 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 Beck 우울 척도(BDI)와 대인관계 반응지수(IRI)가 포함되어있는 사전 설문지를 작성한 311명의 대학생 중 BDI 점수를 기준으로 우울 집단 36명과 비우울 집단 38명을 선별하여 공감정확도 실험을 실시하였다. 공감의 주체가 되는 지각자의 우울 여부와 공감의 대상이 되는 상대방의 우울 여부에 따라 네 개의 집단을 구성하여, 두 명씩 짝을 지어 상호작용하게 한 다음 녹화 영상을 보면서 얼마만큼 상대방의 생각이나 감정을 정확하게 공감하는지를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 자기보고에서 나타난 공감능력은 IRI의 상상하기 및 개인적 고통 하위척도 상에서 우울 집단이 비우울 집단보다 공감을 더 잘하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 공감정확도 실험에서는 우울 집단과 비우울 집단 간에 공감정확도의 차이가 없었으며, 상대방 우울 여부의 효과 및 지각자 우울 여부 - 상대방 우울 여부의 상호작용 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 한편 정서가 별 세부 분석에서는 중립적인 정서에 대한 공감정확도에서 우울 집단이 비우울 집단에 비해 공감정확도가 낮은 경향성을 보였으며, 특히 우울한 상대방에 대한 공감정확도가 낮아지는 경향성을 보였다. 마지막으로 각각의 결과들이 시사하는 바와 연구 의의 및 제한점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between subjective empathic ability based on self-reporting and objective empathic ability measured by an empathic accuracy experiment. To accomplish this, 311 students completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Next, 36 depressive participants and 38 non-depressive participants who were selected based on BDI score participated in an empathic accuracy experiment. Participants were assigned to 4 groups by depressive state of the perceiver who was agent of empathy and the target who was the objective of empathy. After dyad's interaction, the empathic accuracy of participants for other's thoughts and feelings were measured. The depressed group showed better empathic ability than the non-depressed based on the IRI's fantasy and personal distress subscale. However, there was no difference between the depressed group and the non-depressed group in the empathic accuracy experiment. Moreover, there was no effect on the perceiver's and the target's main effects or interaction effect. Additionally, analysis in the neutral emotional valence context showed that the depressed group had lower empathic accuracy than the non-depressed group, especially for the depressed target.
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