본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

조현형 성격 성향을 가진 대학생의 정서적 공감 결함에 관한 연구

Deficits of emotional empathy in college students with schizotypal traits

김명선|안은지
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2021.09|한국심리학회지: 임상심리 연구와 실제 (Clinical Psychology in Korea: Research and Practice)|제7권 제3호|pp. 237-255|DOI http://doi.org/10.15842/CPKJOURNAL.PUB.7.3.237

1

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

interpersonal problem정서적 공감mediation effect대인관계 문제매개 효과조현형 성격 성향군affective empathy정서적 반응성 과제schizotypal-trait groupaffective responsiveness task

초록

본 연구는 조현형 성격 성향을 가지는 대학생의 정서적 공감 능력의 결함을 정서적 반응성 과제를 사용하여 알아보았다. 수도권에 재학 중인 대학생 800명을 대상으로 조현형 성격 질문지(schizotypal personality questionnaire)의 총점 36점 이상(상위 5%에 해당되는 점수)을 받은 학생들을 조현형 성격 성향군에, 14~23점(평균점수 ± 1SD에 해당되는 점수)을 받은 학생들을 정상통제군에 포함하였다. 이들 중 신경질환 및 정신장애의 병력을 가지고 있거나 연락두절 및 연구 참여를 거부한 학생들을 제외한 후 최종적으로 조현형 성격 성향군(n = 23)과 정상통제군(n = 22)이 선정되었다. 정서적 공감 능력과 대인관계문제는 각각 정서적 반응성(affective responsiveness) 과제와 한국판 대인관계문제검사 단축형(Short form of the Korea Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scale)을 사용하여 측정되었다. 정서적 반응성(affective responsiveness) 과제의 분석 결과, 조현형 성격 성향군이 정상통제군보다 유의하게 낮은 정확률을 보였다. 또한, 조현형 성격 성향군이 정상통제군보다 대인관계문제 질문지의 총점과 하위 척도, 즉 비주장성, 냉담, 사회적 억제, 자기 중심성, 과순응성에서 정상통제군보다 유의하게 더 높은 점수를 보였다. 이에 덧붙여 조현형 성격 특성과 대인관계 문제 간에 정서적 공감 능력이 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 정서적 공감 능력의 부분 매개효과가 관찰되었다. 이는 조현형 성격 성향군이 정서적 공감의 결함을 가지고 있고, 이 결함이 이들이 가지는 대인관계 문제 중 냉담, 즉 정서를 경험하고 표현하는 것의 어려움에 영향을 미쳤음을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study investigated the deficits of emotional empathy in college students with schizotypal traits using an affective responsiveness task. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire was administered to 800 college students, and those with a total score higher than 36 were assigned to the schizotypal-trait group, and those with a total score between 14 and 23 were assigned to the normal control groups. Those who had a history of neurological or psychiatric disorder or who refused to participate in the study were excluded. Twenty-three and 22 college students were included in the schizotypal-trait and normal control groups, respectively. Emotional empathy was evaluated with the affective responsiveness task, and interpersonal problems were evaluated with the Korea Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scale. The results of the affective responsiveness task showed that the schizotypal-trait group exhibited significantly lower total accuracy rates than the normal control group. The schizotypal-trait group showed significantly higher scores for interpersonal problems (total scores, nonassertive, cold/distant, socially inhibited, vindictive/self-centered, and overly accommodating). In addition, schizotypal traits were significantly associated with the cold/distant subscale of the Korea Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scale, and emotional empathy partially mediated this relationship. These results suggest that college students with schizotypal traits have deficits in emotional empathy, which further affects their interpersonal problems (cold/distant); their difficulty experiencing and expressing emotions is further aggravated.

참고문헌 (70)

  1. 김정택, "Stai의 한국표준화에 관한 연구", 최신의학, 21(10), pp.1223~1229 (1978)
  2. 문희옥, "한국판 분열형 성격척도의 타당화 예비연구", 신경정신의학, 36(2), pp.329~343 (1997)
  3. 이슬아, "분열형 성격성향을 가진 대학생들의 인지적 및 정서적 공감", 한국심리학회지:일반, 31(1), pp.77~91 (2012), 한국심리학회
  4. 이영호, "BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), pp.98~113 (1991)
  5. 전춘수, "분열형 인격성향과 강박성향을 가진 여자대학생의 신경심리 프로파일 비교", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(2), pp.387~405 (2010), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  6. 김민우, "고려대학교얼굴표정모음집(KUFEC)과 의미미분법을 통한 정서차원평정", 한국심리학회지:일반, 30(4), pp.1189~1211 (2011), 한국심리학회
  7. 한오수, "한국어 판 구조화 임상면담도구 개발 : 신뢰도 연구", 신경정신의학회지, 39(2), pp.362~372 (2000)
  8. 홍상황, "한국형 대인관계문제검사 원형척도의 단축형(KIIP-SC) 구성", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(4), pp.923~940 (2002), 한국임상심리학회
  9. Abramowitz, A. C., "Empathy, depressive symptoms, and social functioning among individuals with schizophrenia", Psychiatry Research, 216(3), pp.325~332 (2014)[DOI]
  10. Alden, L. E., "Construction of circumplex scales for the inventory of interpersonal problems", Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3-4), pp.521~536 (1990)
  11. Baron-Cohen, S., "Autism : The empathizing–systemizing(E-S)theory", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156(1), pp.68~80 (2009)
  12. Batty, M., "Early processing of the six basic facial emotional expressions", Cognitive Brain Research, 17(3), pp.613~620 (2003)
  13. Biedermann, F., "Theory of mind and its relevance in schizophrenia", Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(2), pp.71~75 (2012)
  14. Bonfils, K. A., "Affective empathy in schizophrenia : A meta-analysis", Schizophrenia Research, 175(1), pp.109~117 (2016)
  15. Bonfils, K. A., "Empathy in schizophrenia : A meta-analysis of the interpersonal reactivity index", Psychiatry Research, 249, pp.293~303 (2017)
  16. Bora, E., "Empathic abilities in people with schizophrenia", Psychiatry Research, 160(1), pp.23~29 (2008)
  17. Christov-Moore, L., "Empathy : Gender effects in brain and behavior", Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, pp.604~627 (2014)
  18. Cliff, D., "Cognitive Correlates of ‘Formal Thought Disorder’in a Non-clinical Sample with Elevated Schizotypal Traits", Psychiatry Research, 302, pp.113971~ (2021)[DOI]
  19. Csukly, G., "Theory of mind impairments in patients with deficit schizophrenia", Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(2), pp.349~356 (2014)
  20. Dam, J., "Insight in schizophrenia : A review", Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 60(2), pp.114~120 (2006)
  21. de Achával, D., "Decreased activity in right-hemisphere structures involved in social cognition in siblings discordant for schizophrenia", Schizophrenia Research, 134(2), pp.171~179 (2012)
  22. Decety, J., "The functional architecture of human empathy", Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(2), pp.71~100 (2004)
  23. Derntl, B., "Multidimensional assessment of empathic abilities : Neural correlates and gender differences", Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(1), pp.67~82 (2010)
  24. Derntl, B., "Generalized deficit in all core components of empathy in schizophrenia", Schizophrenia Research, 108(1), pp.197~206 (2009)
  25. Derntl, B., "How specific are emotional deficits? A comparison of empathic abilities in schizophrenia, bipolar and depressed patients", Schizophrenia Research, 142(1), pp.58~64 (2012)
  26. Ekman, P., "Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions", Science, 221(4616), pp.1208~1210 (1983)
  27. Elek, Z., "Magical thinking as a bio-psychological developmental disposition for cognitive and affective symptoms intensity in schizotypy : Traits and genetic associations", Personality and Individual Differences, 171, pp.110498~ (2021)
  28. Ellenson, A., "Human relations" (1982), Prentice Hall College Div
  29. Ettinger, U., "Genetics, cognition, and neurobiology of schizotypal personality : A review of the overlap with schizophrenia", Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5 (2014)
  30. First, M. B., "The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorder" (1996), New York State Psychiatric Institute
  31. Fonseca Pedrero, E., "Schizotypy : The way ahead", Psicothema, 33(1), pp.16~27 (2021)
  32. Frith, C. D., "The role of social cognition in decision making. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London", Series B, Biological Sciences, 363(1511), pp.3875~3886 (2008)[DOI]
  33. Green, M. F., "Social cognition in schizophrenia : An NIMH workshop on definitions, assessment, and research opportunities", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(6), pp.1211~1220 (2008)
  34. Han, S., "Gender difference in empathy for pain : An electrophysiological investigation", Brain Research, 1196, pp.85~93 (2008)
  35. Henry, J. D., "Empathy, social functioning and schizotypy", Psychiatry Research, 160(1), pp.15~22 (2008)
  36. Ickes, W., "Everyday Mind Reading : Understanding What Other People Think and Feel" (2003), Prometheus Books
  37. Jang, J. H., "Longitudinal patterns of social functioning and conversion to psychosis in subjects at ultra-high risk", Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(9), pp.763~770 (2011)
  38. Johansen, R., "Personality traits, interpersonal problems and therapeutic alliance in early schizophrenia spectrum disorders", Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(8), pp.1169~1176 (2013)[DOI]
  39. Karamaouna, P., "Cognitive functioning and schizotypy : A four-years study", Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, pp.1547~ (2021)
  40. Kim, M., "Neuropsychologic profile of college students with schizotypal traits", Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(5), pp.511~516 (2011)
  41. Kozhuharova, P., "High schizotypy traits are associated with reduced hippocampal resting state functional connectivity", Psychiatry Research : Neuroimaging, 307, pp.111215~ (2021)
  42. Lamm, C., "The neural substrate of human empathy : Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(1), pp.42~58 (2007)
  43. Lee, S. J., "Multi-level comparison of empathy in schizophrenia : An fMRI study of a cartoon task", Psychiatry Research : Neuroimaging, 181(2), pp.121~129 (2010)
  44. Lenzenweger M. F., "Schizotypy, schizotypic psychopathology and schizophrenia", World Psychiatry, 17(1), pp.25~26 (2018)
  45. Mondrup, L., "Interpersonal problems in the prodromal state of schizophrenia : An exploratory study", Psychosis, 2(3), pp.238~247 (2010)
  46. Shani Ofir-Eyal, "Affective and cognitive empathy and social quality of life in schizophrenia: A comparison between a parallel process model and an integrative meditation model", Psychiatry Research, 220(1-2), pp.51~57 (2014), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  47. Penn, D. L., "Social cognition in schizophrenia : An overview", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), pp.408~411 (2008)
  48. Peveretou, F., "A short empathy paradigm to assess empathic deficits in schizophrenia", Behavioral Sciences, 10(2), pp.41~ (2020)
  49. Pfeifer, J. H., "Social neuroscience. The social neuroscience of empathy", pp.183~197 (2009), MIT Press
  50. Pflum, M. J., "Context matters : Social cognition task performance in psychometric schizotypes", Psychiatry Research, 264, pp.398~403 (2018)
  51. Pinkham, A. E., "Neurocognitive and social cognitive predictors of interpersonal skill in schizophrenia", Psychiatry Research, 143(2), pp.167~178 (2006)
  52. Preacher, K. J., "Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models", Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), pp.879~891 (2008)
  53. Radke, S., "The impact of emotional faces on social motivation in schizophrenia", European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 265(7), pp.613~622 (2015)
  54. Raine, A., "The SPQ : A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17(4), pp.555~ (1991)
  55. Reis, H. T., "Encyclopedia of human relationships" (2009), SAGE
  56. Sahakyan, L., "Anterior vs posterior hippocampal subfields in an extended psychosis phenotype of multidimensional schizotypy in a nonclinical sample", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 47(1), pp.207~218 (2021)
  57. Savla, G. N., "Deficits in domains of social cognition in schizophrenia : A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(5), pp.979~992 (2012)
  58. Schulte-Rüther, M., "Gender differences in brain networks supporting empathy", Neuroimage, 42(1), pp.393~403 (2008)
  59. Seidel, E., "Risk or resilience? empathic abilities in patients with bipolar disorders and their first-degree relatives", Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(3), pp.382~388 (2012)
  60. Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., "The neural bases for empathy", The Neuroscientist, 17(1), pp.18~24 (2011)
  61. Shim, G., "Social functioning deficits in young people at risk for schizophrenia", Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(8), pp.678~685 (2008)
  62. Singer, T., "A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(8), pp.334~340 (2009)
  63. Smith, M. J., "Alterations in brain activation during cognitive empathy are related to social functioning in schizophrenia", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(1), pp.211~222 (2014)
  64. Soldz, S., "A short form of the inventory of interpersonal problems circumples scales", Assessment, 2(1), pp.53~63 (1995)
  65. Spielberger, C. D., "STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory" (1970), Consulting Psychologists Press
  66. Vollema, M. G., "The multidimensionality of self-report schizotypy in a psychiatric population : An analysis using multidimensional rasch models", Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26(3), pp.565~575 (2000)
  67. Walter, H., "Dysfunction of the social brain in schizophrenia is modulated by intention type : An fMRI study", Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4(2), pp.166~176 (2009)
  68. Zaki, J., "Reintegrating the study of accuracy into social cognition research", Psychological Inquiry, 22(3), pp.159~182 (2011)
  69. Zhao, X., "Reduced white matter integrity and facial emotion perception in never-medicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia : A diffusion tensor imaging study", Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 77, pp.57~64 (2017)
  70. Zung, W. W., "Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic : Further validation of the SDS", Archives of General Psychiatry, 13(6), pp.508~515 (1965)

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (5건)

코로나 19 시기 삶의 의미 향상을 위한 가치 기반 수용-전념치료의 효과박선영, 김선엽, 배효정pp. 219-236자기애와 공격적 운전 간의 관계: 분노반추의 매개효과와 공감의 조절효과이인혜, 신다혜pp. 257-282한국판 사후처리 특성 및 상태 척도(PEPI) 타당화안정광, 표지은pp. 283-306Erratum : 한국판 사후처리 특성 및 상태 척도(PEPI) 타당화표지은, 안정광pp. 283-306유머를 활용한 재평가가 대인관계 외상경험자의 정서에 미치는 영향박정원, 최윤경pp. 307-328
원문 보기