도시하천의 물순환 및 수질 개선을 위한 생태저류지의 효과분석
Analysis of the Effect of Bio-Retention Cells to Improve Water Cycle and Water Quality in Urban Streams
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초록
급격한 도시화는 도시 하천에 크게 세 가지 문제점을 야기하고 있다. 첫 번째 문제는 불투수지역의 증가에 따른 강우의 토양침투량 감소이다. 토양 침투량 감소는 도시하천의 물순환에 심각한 왜곡을 일으키게 된다. 두 번째 문제는 도시적 토지이용에 따른 비점오염물질의 증가이며, 세 번째 문제는 구도심에서의 합류식 하수관거 월류수이다. 비점오염물질의 증가 및 합류식 하수관거 월류수는 물순환 왜곡과 맞물려서 도시하천 수질오염을 가중시키게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 세 가지 문제점에 대한 해결방안을 제시하고자 부산 온천천 유역을 대상으로 EPA SWMM을 구성하였으며, 미국 뉴욕시에서 실제로 시행중인 사업을 벤치마킹하여 생태저류지 설치 사업을 계획하였다. 사업 시나리오별로 물순환 개선효과와 비점오염 및 합류식하수관거 월류수의 저감량이 요구되는 예산과 함께 분석되었다.
Abstract
Rapid urbanization poses three major problems in urban streams. The first problem is the reduction of soil wetting from rainfall as the impervious area increases. Decrease in soil wetting causes serious distortion in the water cycle of urban streams. The second problem is the increase of non-point sources pollutants by urban land use, and the third problem is the combined sewer overflows in the old city center. Increased non-point sources pollutants and combined sewer overflows are associated with water cycle distortion, which increases water pollution in urban streams. In this study, EPA SWMM was constructed for the Busan Oncheon-stream watershed in order to suggest solutions for these three problems, and the bio-retention cells installation project was planned by benchmarking the actual projects in New York City. Water cycle improvement and reduction of non-point sources pollutants and combined sewer overflows for each project scenario were analyzed together with required budgets.
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