저영향개발기법이 도시 유출에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Low Impact Development Techniques on Urban Runoff
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초록
도시개발의 지나친 진행에 따라 불투수면의 증가로 인해 유출이 증가되어 도시 홍수에 대한 우려가 증가되고 있으며, 도시 유역의 물순환을 개발 이전과 같은 상태로 되돌리고자 하는 노력이 지속되고 있다. 이를 위한 노력으로 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID) 기술이 저류, 침투, 증발산과 같은 기작을 통해 도시개발 전후의 수문 현상을모사하기 위해 주목받기 시작했으며, LID를 실제 유역에 도입할 수 있는 기법에 대한 연구가 국·내외에서 활발하게이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시 소유역에 강우-유출 수문모형인 SWMM의 모의를 통해 LID를 적용하여 목표로 유출량 저감 효과를 시나리오 별로 분석 및 평가하였다. SWMM-LID 모형을 가산1빗물펌프장 유역을 대상으로구축하였으며 옥상녹화와 투수성 블록 포장 기법을 기법별 정성평가를 통해 유역에 적용할 LID 기법으로 선정하였다. SWMM내에서 저류 및 침투를 통한 총 유출량 감소 효과를 위해 설정되어야 하는 각 인자들을 설계 하였으며, 6가지 시나리오를 선정하여 모의한 결과, 투수성 포장에 의한 저감 효과가 옥상녹화에 의한 저감 효과보다 더 크게나타났다. 향후 유역의 특성에 맞는 LID 시설의 설계가 필요하며, 특히 서로 영향을 미치는 하천이나 지하수위 등 도시 수자원 요소들은 전체 시스템에서 고려할 수 있도록 고려되어야 한다
Abstract
Due to rapidly increased urbanization, impervious area has been extended and concerns about urban flooding has been increased as well. A lot of effort has been made to restore the urban water circulation. Low Impact Development (LID) technology that consist of retention, infiltration, and evapotranspiration has begun to attract attention to simulate the hydrologic phenomenon before and after development. Many researches on the technique is being actively conducted. In this study, the effect on reducing runoff in urban catchment was analyzed and evaluated by applying LID techniques using SWMM and six scenarios. A SWMM-LID model was built for the Gasan 1 rainwater pumping station basin, and Green Roof and Permeable Pavement were selected as LID techniques to be applied. As a result, the reduction effect of the permeable pavement was larger than green roof. In the future, the results could be used to design a LID facility using the characteristics of the watershed, and other urban water resource factors such as river and groundwater levels that affect each other should be considered, so that the entire system can be considered.
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