해운선사의 민간무장보안요원 고용에 관한관련 주체별 대응 및 국제법적 쟁점 검토
The responses of the related parties to the employment of PCASP and the examination of international legal issues
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소말리아 해적행위가 조직화‧지능화됨에 따라 지금까지 육상에서 이루어져왔던 민간보안업체의 활동이 해상으로 확대되고 있다. 국제해사기구(IMO)는 민간무장보안요원(PCASP)의 고용과 관련하여 이들의 승선에 대한 기준 및 권고를 채택하고 회원국에 회람하였다. 또한 PCASP의 원활한 탑승 및 이동을 위하여 각국 정부를 상대로 관련 정책 및 절차를 마련하도록 권고하고 있다. 현재 각 국가의 국내법들은 선박의 총기류 탑재에 대해 금지, 허용 또는 규정 미비 등 다양한 형태를 보이고 있다. 특히 2009년 후반부터 등장한 PCASP에 대해 국제법적 논란이 일고 있다. 주요 논란은 PCASP의 지위, 일반선박의 무장, 무력사용의 허용범위, 무력사용의 결정권한, 위법행위 시 국가책임 귀속성 등이다. 이 같은 논란이 있음에도 최근 미국, 영국, 독일 등 주요 국가가 PCASP 승선을 허용하는 정책을 수립하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라도 PCASP의 고용에 대한 법제화를 마련해야 할 필요성이 있다.
Abstract
As Somali piracy is getting more organized and intelligent, the business of privatesecurity company which is mainly run in the land is recently expanding to theoffshore. International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the guidelines andrecommendations regarding the use of PCASP(Privately Contracted Armed SecurityPersonnel) and circulated them to the member states. IMO also recommended themember states to establish the policies and procedures regarding the use of PCASP inorder to the smooth boarding and movement of PCASP. Each state's laws for thefirearms on the board are in various forms such as prohibition, permission or lack ofregulations. There are some controversies over the concept of PCASP which appearedin international law since the late 2009. Main controversies include the status ofPCASP, general ship's armament, the allowable range of the use of forces, the decisionmaking of the use of forces, state responsibility in the case of illegal acts. Despitethese controversies, major countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany arerecently making the policies that allow the use of PCASP. Thus, it is required forKorean government to establish legal system to the employment of PCASP.
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