TOPSIS를 활용한 아시아 주요 공항의 효율성 평가: 수입, 성장, 수익 측면에서의 비교연구

Abstract

It is assumed that a more efficient airport can handle more passengers and cargo with same infrastructure. In addition, efficiency of the airports is one of the major factors which transfer passengers and transshipment cargo consider a stopover airport as well as costs, convenient facilities, location, and other environmental factors of the airport. Most airport authorities believe that more infrastructure in the airport may positively relate to higher efficiency of airports as well as competitiveness. This is the main reason why airports try to expand length and numbers of runway, numbers of gateway and terminal, and moorings although the airport industry is heterogeneous with quality differentiation and external constraints (Oum et al., 2003). The objective of this study is to analyze operational and financial performance of airports in Asia. Since there is no consistent and systematic airport industry practice for measuring and comparing airport efficiency performance, this study may provide a meaningful information to airport authorities by comparison of various airport efficiency performances. Especially, this study focuses on non-aeronautical operating revenue which is a crucial factor for the profitability and sustainable growth of contemporary airports all around the world. Non-aeronautical revenue is all other incomes not directly derived from airport fees or air navigation taxes. The revenue includes revenues from offices, retail, advertizement, medical facilities, hotels, and even parking. At present, the non-aeronautical revenue covers the losses that most of them incur on their airside operation. In order to compare the performance of the Asian major airports we have used the recent four year (2010-2013) Annual Reports of Incheon, Narita, Beijing, Singapore, and Hong Kong International Airports which contain operational results and financial statements as well as other important information on their business environment. Because, as we have explained in the introduction, performance of an airport is hard to measure with a unique criterion, we have used a composite indicator which represents the collective evaluation based on multi-criteria: Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In this method performance of airports are compared by the distance from two artificial alternatives: positive and negative ideal alternatives. The closer to the positive ideal alternative and the farther from negative one, the better the performance is. The measured efficiency numbers of airports show that efficient level of the airport comparing to others. However, the numbers are affected by various factors, some of which are not controlled by airport authority. The variables may not affect the real efficiency of the airports. It means that various aspects of airports should be considered when efficiency of airports is analyzed. Therefore, airport authorities realize what are their competitive advantages and try to enhance the comparative advantage to compete to other airports rather than benchmarks efficiency performance of other airports.