해양산업의 부가가치 추정 연구
A Study on the Estimation of Value-added of Ocean Industry
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초록
본 연구는 최근 국가경제의 신성장 동력으로 부상하고 있는 해양산업의 부가가치를 추정하였다. 해양산업의 육성을 위해서는 산업의 기초적인 자료 분석이 가장 우선적으로 필요하고, 이를 위해서는 체계적인 산업분류가 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해외 주요 해양국가의 해양산업 분류체계를 기반으로 국내 해양산업을 9개 대분류, 42개 세분류로 재분류하고, 부가가치, GDP 대비 비중, 부가가치율을 추정하고 비교․분석하였다. 분석 결과 우리나라 해양산업의 GDP 대비 비중은 3.4%로서 비교적 높으나, 부가가치율은 26.2%로서 비교대상 국가 중에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 또한 세부산업별로는 부가가치 규모가 큰 산업은 부가가치율이 낮고, 규모가 작은 산업은 부가가치율이 높은 것으로 분석되어 핵심산업 육성을 위한 선택과 집중이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
Ocean industry is considered as a new emerging industry in line with increasing necessity and significance to use ocean resources. PwC(2012) selected maritime industry as one of the future seven emerging industries. And recent study (2013) commissioned by European Commission estimated job creation in the 13 maritime sectors of EU member states that explained approximately 5 million jobs in 2004-2005. Ocean industry now seems as a critical economy engine due to the limitation of productive land resources, ecological exploitation and sustainability of the industry. Therefore, major ocean countries such as the USA, EU members, China have launched long-term strategy aimed for the development of ocean resources. In addition, these countries have periodically been collecting and publishing the ocean economy data thanks to the ocean industries' enormous effect on entire national economy. Korea, surrounded by the ocean on three sides, is also one of the major ocean countries, with 99.7% of international trade transported by the sea. And traditional ocean industries such as ship building, fishery, ocean shipping and seaport, have lead economy growth and will also be the critical component of national economy engine in the future. However, the interest and cognition of ocean industry is not very high to date due to the lack of systematic approach to the industry and related study. This study aims to re-categorize ocean industry with considering various related studies, estimate value added and calculate contribution to the national GDP for identifying related information of the Korean ocean industry. We estimated turnover and value-added of Korea’s ocean industries that has re-categorized as 9 sectors in this paper with considering previous studies with data from Korea Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). This study used indirect method for estimating value-added owing to the limitation that none provided data from KOSIS about value-added in most ocean industry. Therefore, fundamental estimation way in this study is to apply value-added ratio that has published by Bank of Korea to the turnover data from 2010 economic census of Statistics Korea by each industry. Total turnover of ocean industry in 2010 is calculated to 165 trillion won and total value added is estimated to 43 trillion won in this study. The contribution ratio of ocean industry to the national GDP is calculated as 3.4 percent that is relatively higher than other major benchmarked ocean countries. While, value added ratio of ocean industry is estimated to 26.2 percent that is lowest level, compared with those countries. This means that the practical contribution of ocean industry to the national GDP is low while the ratio to the GDP is high. It is known that the technologies are the critical components to increase value-added ratio of ocean industry. Consequently, the result suggests that government have to increase critical technologies in the value chain for developing the Korean ocean industry.
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