한반도 주요 낙엽활엽수림인 신갈나무군락의 구조적 특성 및 천이 예측
Structural Characterization and Succession Prediction of the Korean Peninsula's Major Deciduous Broadleaf Forest, Quercus mongolica Community
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초록
본 연구는 한반도 중부지방 신갈나무군락의 군집 구조를 정량화하고, 다변량 통계기법을 활용하여 입지환경요인과의상관관계를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 현존하는 우리나라 중부지방 신갈나무군락의 구조적 특성을 파악하고 천이 경향을예측하고자 하였다. 층위별 중요치를 분석한 결과 교목층과 아교목층에서 신갈나무의 중요치가 가장 높게 나타났으며관목층에서는 진달래, 초본층에서는 그늘사초의 중요치가 가장 높았다. 중부지방 신갈나무군락은 신갈나무-굴참나무하위군락(그룹Ⅰ)과 신갈나무-소나무하위군락(그룹 Ⅱ) 2개의 그룹으로 분류되었으며, CCA 분석을 통해 신갈나무군락 분포에 영향을 미치는 환경 요인은 경사도, 연강수량 그리고 연평균기온인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 현존 신갈나무군락 내 차대를 형성할 수 있는 교목성 수종들의 중요치를 비교하여 천이 경향을 예측한 결과 상층과 하층 모두 신갈나무의 중요치가 각각 53.3, 4.0으로 가장 높게 나타나 지속적으로 신갈나무 후계목이 보충되고 있었으며, 당단풍나무, 굴참나무, 물푸레나무 등 낙엽활엽수종들이 아우점하고 있었다. 한반도 중부지방 신갈나무군락은 장기적으로 신갈나무가 우점하는 군락이 유지될 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 분포지의 입지 조건에 따라 굴참나무, 당단풍나무 등 낙엽활엽수종이 하층에서 계속 우점할 것으로 보이며, 소나무는 점차 세력이 약해서 능선이나 암석지에 잔존할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study quantified the community structure of Quercus mongolica communities in the central region of the Korean Peninsula and analyzed their correlation with site environmental factors using multivariate analysis. Through this study, we aimed to identify the structural characteristics of the existing Quercus mongolica communities in the central region of Korea and predict their succession trends. The analysis of the importance of each stratum showed that the importance of Quercus mongolica was the highest in the tree layer and subtree layer, rhododendron mucronulatum in the shrub layer, and Carex lanceolata in the herblayer. Quercus mongolica communities in the central region were categorized into two groups: Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis subcommunity (Group I) and Quercus mongolica-pinus densiflora subcommunity (Group II), and the CCA analysis showed that the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Quercus mongolica communities are slope, annual precipitation, and average annual temperature. In addition, the importance of tree species that can form a successor in the existing cedar community was compared to predict the succession trend, and the importance value of Quercus mongolica was the highest in both the overstory and understory (53.3. and 4.0, respectively), indicating that Quercus mongolica successors were constantly being replenished, and deciduous broadleaf species such as Acer pseudosieboldianum, Quercus variabilis and Fraxinus rhynchophylla were dominant. It is likely that the central Korean peninsula's Quercus mongolica communities will remain Quercus mongolica dominated in the long term. In addition, deciduous broadleaf species such as Quercus variabilis and Acer pseudosieboldianum are likely to continue to dominate in the understory depending on the location of the distribution site, while Pinus densiflora is expected to gradually weaken and remain on ridges and rocky areas.
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