성별에 따른 학령기 후기 아동의 자기유능감, 사회불안, 우울
Gender Differences in Self-competence, Social Anxiety and Depression in Upper Level Primary School Children
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본 연구는 학령기 후기 아동 180명을 대상으로 성별에 따른자기유능감, 사회불안, 우울 정도를 파악하고 성별별로 자기유능감 하위영역이 사회불안 및 우울에 미치는 영향을 확인하기위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구결과 자기유능감은 남학생이 높고 사회불안과 우울은 여학생이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 우울만이남녀 간 차이가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 자기유능감에 따른 사회불안, 우울은 남학생과 여학생 모두 자기유능감이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 사회불안과 우울이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 자기유능감, 사회불안, 우울 간의 상관관계에서는 남학생, 여학생 모두 자기유능감과 사회불안, 우울이 유의한 역상관관계를나타내었고, 사회불안과 우울은 순 상관관계를 나타내었다. 사회불안은 남학생과 여학생 모두 자기유능감의 모든 하위영역과 역상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 우울은 남학생의 경우자기유능감의 모든 하위영역과 역상관계를, 여학생은 사회적유능감, 신체적 유능감, 행동적 유능감, 전반적 자아가치만 우울과 유의한 역상관관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 대상자의사회불안을 설명하는 자기유능감 하위영역 변수로 남학생은사회적 유능감이, 여학생은 사회적 유능감과 전반적 자아가치가 확인되었고, 우울을 설명하는 자기유능감 하위영역변수로남학생은 신체적 유능감과 사회적 유능감이, 여학생은 전반적자아가치, 학문적 유능감, 운동적 유능감이 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 아동의 사회불안 및 우울을 예방하기 위해서 자기유능감의 하위영역에서 성별을 고려한 중재전략의 필요성을시사해 준다. 추후에는 사회불안 및 우울의 효과적인 예방 및 중재를 위해표본의 대표성 및 연구방법상의 제한점을 보완하여 자기유능감이 사회불안 및 우울의 성별 차이 발생에 영향하는 시기를 확인하기 위한 종단적 연구와 자기유능감을 증진할 수 있는 다양한 정신사회적 변수를 탐색하기 위한 연구를 제안한다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in self-competence, social anxiety and depression in upper level primary school children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 180 students in grades 5 or 6 (83 boys and 97 girls). The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, the Self-Perception Profile for Children, the Revised Social Anxiety Scales for Children (SASC-R) and a Depression Instrument. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC ver 12.0 program. Results: The only gender difference was in depression and girls reported more depression than boys. Social competence showed significantly negative correlations with depression and social anxiety. Gender differences were found in self competence in the prediction of depression and social anxiety. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in self competence which influence depression and social anxiety. Thus, enhancing self-competence could prevent social anxiety and depression in children but, differences in gender should be considered when developing programs to enhance self-competence.
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