국제결혼이주여성의 자녀양육행위와 양육효능감
Child-Rearing Practices and Parenting Efficacy of Marriage-Immigrant Women
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본 연구는 국제결혼이주여성의 구체적인 양육행위의 특성과양육효능감을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 연구 결과 양육행위 6개영역 중 가장 실천율이 낮았던 영역은 의복이었고, 그 다음 교육과 발달 순이었으며, 출신국가와 한국어 실력에 따라 차이를나타냈다. 따라서 베트남과 캄보디아 출신 이주여성 중심으로기후환경 및 문화적인 차이에서 오는 의복, 교육, 발달 영역의교육적 강화가 필요하겠다. 양육효능감 5개 영역 중에서는 학습지도능력이 가장 낮았고, 그 다음 의사소통과 훈육 순으로 나타났다. 양육효능감은 출신국가, 나이, 결혼기간, 첫아이 연령,한국어 실력에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 양육효능감이 높을수록긍정적인 양육행동이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 첫 자녀가초등학생 이상이고, 한국어 실력이 낮은 어머니일수록 학습지도능력 및 훈육, 자녀와의 의사소통에 따른 양육효능감이 낮으므로 영유아 양육교육프로그램 외에도 학령기 자녀를 둔 국제결혼이주여성을 위한 교육프로그램이 필요하겠다. 본 연구는 1세부터 13세까지의 다양한 연령의 자녀를 둔 다양한 국적의 결혼이주여성을 대상으로 구체적인 양육행위를파악하고 양육효능감을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다. 따라서이상의 연구결과를 토대로 첫째, 국가별 양육행위에 대한 질적연구와 둘째, 국제결혼이주여성과 한국여성 간의 양육행위 비교연구를 추후연구로 제언하는 바이다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy of Marriage-Immigrant Women. Methods: The research design was a descriptive study using self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from May 16 to December 30, 2008. Marriage-immigrant women (n=186) were recruited in G Province, C Province and P city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients with SPSS 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results:The mean score for child-rearing practices was 40.61±6.67 and there were significant differences in child-rearing practices by nationality, and Korean language ability. The mean score for parenting efficacy was 67.67±12.14 and there were significant differences in parenting efficacy by age, nationality, marital period, age of first child and Korean language ability. There were significant positive correlations between child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy (r=.227, p=.002). Conclusion: In this study, marriage-immigrant women showed a moderate level of child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy. Because child-rearing is mainly the mother’s role in the family, knowledge, attitudes to child-rearing and parenting efficacy of mothers influence child-rearing practices and these then, affect children’s health. Therefore child-rearing educational programs for marriage-immigrant women should be developed to support the mothers’ child-rearing practices and improve parenting efficacy. Key words: Child rearing, Marriage, Women, Parenting, Self-efficacy
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