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해운 사이버 보안 공격 패턴 및 강화 방안 분석

Analysis on the Maritime Cyber Attack Patterns and the Strengthening Measures in Maritime Cybersecurity

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초록

현재 해운산업은 디지털화와 IT/OT 시스템 도입을 통해 편리성과 효율성이 증대되었으나, 동시에 사이버 공격에 대한 위험성도 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 해운 부문의 사이버보안 공격 패턴을 분석하고, 강화 방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위하여 NHL 스텐덴 응용과학대학의 해상 사이버 공격 데이터베이스(MCAD)를 이용하여 글로벌해운 사이버 공격 사례를 분석하였다. 글로벌 해운 사이버 공격 사례의 횟수, 형태, 대상 국가를 조사하였고, 우리나라의 해운 사이버 공격 사례도 분석하여 공격 형태와 목표 대상을 파악하였다. 이어서 해운 사이버보안 가이드라인을 검토하고, 문헌검토와 사례 분석을 바탕으로 해운 부문의 사이버보안 강화를 위한 시사점을 인적요인 중심으로 제시하였다.

Abstract

Currently, the maritime industry has increased convenience and efficiency through digitization and the adoption of IT/OT systems, but the risk of cyber attacks has also increased simultaneously. This study analyzes the cybersecurity attack patterns in the maritime sector and explores measures to strengthen them. To this end, global maritime cyber attack cases were analyzed using the Maritime Cyber Attack Database (MCAD) of NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences. The frequency, types, and target countries of global maritime cyber attack cases were investigated. Additionally, the cases of maritime cyber attacks in South Korea were analyzed to identify the attack types and target objectives. Furthermore, maritime cybersecurity guidelines were reviewed, and based on literature review and case analysis, suggestions for enhancing cybersecurity in the maritime sector, focusing on human factors, were presented.

참고문헌 (42)

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