초등학교 스쿨존 환경디자인 개선 방향에 관한 연구 -중국 시안시 초등학교를 중심으로-
A Study on the Improvement of Environmental Design in Elementary School Zone
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저출산과 인구 고령화, 도시화의 가속화로 인해 아동의 생명 안전과 기본 권리가 위협받고 있으며, 아동 친화적 도시로의 전환이 전 세계적으로 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 특히 중국에서는 급속한 경제 성장과 차량 증가로 인해 아동 통학로에서의 교통사고 위험이 커지면서 스쿨존의 안전성 확보가 중요한 사회적 문제로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 시안시의 초등학교 스쿨존을 대상으로 유엔 아동친화도시 계획과 관련된 기준을 참고하여, 중국 도시 환경에 맞춘 디자인 평가 요소를 도출하였다. 이를 위해 한국과 중국의 스쿨존 관련 선행 연구를 검토하고, FGI(포커스 그룹 인터뷰)와 AHP(계층 분석법)를 통해 전문가 의견을 수렴하여 초등학교 스쿨존의 환경디자인 요소를 평가하였다. 연구그, 모든 사용자 그룹(교사/관리자, 부모/주민, 학생)이 스쿨존에서 안전시설, 휴식 공간, 안내시설 등의 중요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 교사와 부모는 차량 속도 제어와 같은 물리적 안전시설에 큰 관심을 보였고, 학생들은 대기 구역과 재미있는 보행 시설에 높은 선호를 보였다. 또한, 시각적 안내를 통해 안전성과 통행 효율성을 높이고, 자연적 요소를 통한 쾌적한 통학 환경 조성이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 중국 시안시 스쿨존을 개선하기 위한 구체적이고 실질적인 디자인 방향을 제시함으로써 아동 친화적 도시 구축에 기여하고자 한다. 다양한 사용자 그룹의 요구를 반영한 스쿨존 디자인은 아동들의 안전하고 쾌적한 통학 환경 조성에 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이며, 향후 중국의 아동 친화적 도시로의 발전에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.
Abstract
Low birth rates, population aging, and accelerated urbanization have increasingly threatened children's safety and fundamental rights, making the transition to child-friendly cities a critical global challenge. In China, rapid economic growth and a surge in vehicle usage have heightened traffic accident risks on school routes, drawing attention to the need for improved safety measures in school zones. This study focuses on elementary school zones in Xi'an, China, referencing the guidelines of UNICEF’s Child-Friendly Cities Initiative to develop design evaluation criteria tailored to urban environments in China. The research methodology involved reviewing prior studies on school zones in both Korea and China, conducting focus group interviews (FGI), and applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to gather expert opinions and evaluate environmental design elements in elementary school zones. Findings reveal that all user groups—teachers/administrators, parents/residents, and students—highly value safety facilities, rest areas, and informational signage in school zones. Teachers and parents expressed strong interest in physical safety measures, such as speed control devices, while students showed a preference for waiting areas and engaging walking facilities. Furthermore, the results emphasized the importance of visual guidance to enhance safety and traffic flow, as well as natural elements to create a pleasant commuting environment. This study offers concrete and practical design recommendations to improve school zones in Xi'an, contributing to the development of child-friendly cities in China. Designing school zones that address the diverse needs of user groups provides a foundational framework for creating safe and comfortable environments for children’s commutes. These findings can serve as valuable resources for advancing child-friendly urban development across China in the future.
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