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‘동성혼’ 도입을 위한 헌법개정의 위헌성 -미국 연방대법원 ‘동성혼’ 판례의 ‘인간존엄’ 해석의 분석-

The Unconstitutionality of Constitutional Amendment for Introducing A ‘Same-Sex Marriage’ -The Analysis on the Interpretation of Human Dignity in Same-Sex Marriage Case of US Federal Supreme Court-

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주제분류법학

초록

동성혼이란 동성애자, 양성애자, 성전환자 간의 혼인을 말한다. 동성혼을 허용하는 법률의 도입은 다양한 법제에 따라서 혼인법의 입법 변경, 헌법의 평등권에 근거한 판결, 직접 국민발안 또는 국민 투표를 통해 다양하게 실현되고 있다. 각 국가마다 동성혼의 문제는 정치적, 사회적 이슈이며, 동성애자의 결혼이나 이와 유사한 동서관계의 허용에 관하여 종교적 문제와 논쟁이 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 2015년 미국 연방대법원(5인 대법관)은 수천 년 이상 유지한 보편적인 인류문화의 소산인 혼인 개념을 남녀(양성) 간의 결합에서 동성(same-sex) 혼인까지 확장하는 판결을 선고하였다. 세계의 동성애자들(LGBT)은 성평등 또는 젠더운동의 정치사회적 이슈를 인권문제로 제기하고 있다. 특히, 2013년 미국에서 동성혼에 관한 여론조사에서 미국인 61%가 찬성하고, 젊은 세대일수록 동성혼의 지지율이 높게 나타나면서 각 정당들은 그들을 정치적 지지 대상으로 이해하고 있다. 그런데 우리나라 국회의원들은 헌법개정 과정에서 ‘성평등’을 명분으로 동성혼의 헌법적 근거를 마련하고자 논의하고 있다. 여기서 미국과 정치사회적 배경과 여건이 상이한 한국의 법문화에서는 혼인의 구조나 내용에 있어서 별로 변화가 없음에도 정치집단이 동성혼의 문제에 열을 올리는 이유를 알 수 없다. 따라서 2015년 미국 동성혼 사건에서 연방대법원은 동성간의 혼인의 자유를 일반적 행동의 자유인 자율성으로 해석하지만, 특히 인간존엄의 내용에 대하여 다수 견해와 소수 견해는 각기 상이한 논거를 이유로 상반된 결론을 주장하고 있다. 따라서 필자는 연방대법원의 인간존엄성의 내용에 관한 헌법해석의 타당성을 검토한다.

Abstract

Same-sex marriage is marriage between gay, lesbian, transgender and bisexuals). Introduction of same-sex marriage laws has varied by jurisdiction, being variously accomplished through legislative change to marriage laws, a court ruling based on constitutional guarantees of equality, or by direct popular vote (via ballot initiative or referendum). The recognition of same-sex marriage is a political and social issue, and also a religious issue in many countries and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships should be allowed marriage or some similar status a civil union. In 2015, five Justices of United States Supreme Court made a decision that the institution of marriage as the product of universal human culture lasted for thousands of years, opens from marriage of opposite-sex couples to marriage of the same-sex relationship. In particular, 61% of Americans in homosexuality polls in 2013 recognize gay marriages, while younger generations are more likely to vote for gay marriages, with their high approval ratings. However, many lawmakers are discussing the constitutional grounds of gay marriage for the purpose of 'gender equality' in the debate on constitutional amendment. As the political background and conditions of legal cultures between US and Korea are different, there is no change in the structure or content of the marriage, but the reason why the political group raises the issue of the same soul is unknown. Therefore, we point out the mistakes of the majority judges in the content of human dignity applied to the same sex between the majority and a small number of the Supreme Court of Justice in the case of Dong Sung Hone sentenced by the United States Supreme Court in 2015, and examine why the interpretation of the minority justice is valid.

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