Effectiveness of a virtual reality nursing simulation for pediatric pneumonia care: a Korean pilot study using a single-group pre-post test design
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Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop a virtual reality (VR) nursing simulation for pediatric pneumonia care tailored to the Korean clinical context and evaluate its educa- tional effectiveness for nursing students. Methods: A single-group pretest–posttest design was employed with 20 senior nursing students from April to May 2025. The intervention was a 70-minute VR nursing simula- tion of pediatric pneumonia care, structured with pre-briefing, a main scenario, and de- briefing. Data were collected on participants’ knowledge of pediatric pneumonia, clinical judgment (Nursing Clinical Judgment Scale), and simulation effectiveness (Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified) before and after the intervention. Usability (User Experi- ence Questionnaire) and qualitative feedback were collected after the intervention. Pre- post comparisons were performed using paired t-tests. Results: The program did not yield a statistically significant change in knowledge scores (p=.893). However, there were significant improvements in the mean scores for clinical judgment (p<.001) and simulation effectiveness (p=.013). A qualitative analysis revealed that, while the participants found the experience immersive and realistic, they also re- ported operational difficulties, indicating the need for usability improvements. Conclusion: The VR nursing simulation is a promising pedagogical tool for enhancing nursing students’ clinical judgment and perceived learning effectiveness in a Korean pe- diatric context. The findings suggest that, while the intervention was effective in improv- ing practical reasoning, future iterations should focus on reinforcing knowledge acquisi- tion and optimizing user experience to maximize the educational impact
Abstract
Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop a virtual reality (VR) nursing simulation for pediatric pneumonia care tailored to the Korean clinical context and evaluate its educa- tional effectiveness for nursing students. Methods: A single-group pretest–posttest design was employed with 20 senior nursing students from April to May 2025. The intervention was a 70-minute VR nursing simula- tion of pediatric pneumonia care, structured with pre-briefing, a main scenario, and de- briefing. Data were collected on participants’ knowledge of pediatric pneumonia, clinical judgment (Nursing Clinical Judgment Scale), and simulation effectiveness (Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified) before and after the intervention. Usability (User Experi- ence Questionnaire) and qualitative feedback were collected after the intervention. Pre- post comparisons were performed using paired t-tests. Results: The program did not yield a statistically significant change in knowledge scores (p=.893). However, there were significant improvements in the mean scores for clinical judgment (p<.001) and simulation effectiveness (p=.013). A qualitative analysis revealed that, while the participants found the experience immersive and realistic, they also re- ported operational difficulties, indicating the need for usability improvements. Conclusion: The VR nursing simulation is a promising pedagogical tool for enhancing nursing students’ clinical judgment and perceived learning effectiveness in a Korean pe- diatric context. The findings suggest that, while the intervention was effective in improv- ing practical reasoning, future iterations should focus on reinforcing knowledge acquisi- tion and optimizing user experience to maximize the educational impact