EU AI 규칙안에 대한 일고찰
A Study on the EU AI Regulation
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
EU 집행위원회는 2020년 2월 19일에 공표하고 있던 「White Paper on Artificial Intelligence : a European approach to excellence and trust」(이른바 AI백서)의 내용을 법규제안(조문)의 형태로 구현한 「Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act)」(이하 AI 규칙안이라고 한다.)을 2021년 4월 21일 공표하였다. 본 AI 규칙안은 EU시장에 출시되어 이용되는 AI 시스템이 안전하고 기본권 및 EU의 가치관에 관한 기존의 법령을 존중하는 것이 되도록 확보하는 것 등을 목적으로 제안된 것으로, EU 집행위원회는 향후의 검토를 거쳐 2022년 후반에 발효하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 동 규칙안은 향후 AI 시스템 관련 상품 서비스를 제공·이용하는 우리나라 기업에도 적용될 가능성이 있으며, 또 일반데이터 보호규칙(GDPR)이나 플랫폼 규제 등과 마찬가지로 향후 AI 시스템에 관한 규제 시스템을 둘러싼 국제적인 논의에 큰 영향을 주어 우리나라의 법 정책에도 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다. AI 규칙안의 역외적용에 있어서 판단기준의 상세한 것은 아직 불명확하다. 그 판단이 미묘한 케이스에서 역외적용되지 않는 것을 완전히 담보할 수 없는 경우에 직면할 가능성도 있다. 이 경우에는 실무적으로는 그 적용을 부정할 수 없다는 것을 전제로 GDPR과 동등 또는 이를 상회하는 제재금을 정하고 있다는 점을 바탕으로 주의할 필요가 있다. 또한, 향후 어떤 수정이 가해질지에 대한 동향을 주시하지 않으면 안된다. 동시에 AI 시스템의 용도나 상정되는 위험의 내용·정도에 따라 몇몇 기업에서 이미 설치하고 있는 AI 윤리위원회와 같은 위험관리 체제의 정비의무 등의 이행에 대해서도 검증하여 두는 것도 유익할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
On February 19, 2020, the EU Commission published White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: a European approach to excellence and trust(so-called AI white paper). Subsequently, on April 21, 2021, Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence(hereinafter referred to as AI Regulation), which implements the contents of the AI white paper in the form of provisions, was announced. This AI Regulation was proposed for the purpose of securing an AI system released and used in the EU market to be safe and to respect existing laws and regulations on basic rights and EU values. The EU Commission aims to take effect in late 2022 after further review. This Regulation is likely to be applied to Korean companies that provide and use product services related to AI systems in the future. In addition, as with General Data Protection Rules(GDPR) and platform regulations, it is likely to have a significant impact on international discussions surrounding the regulatory system for AI systems in the future and affect Korea's legal policy. The details of the criteria for judgment in the offshore application of the AI rules are still unclear. There is a possibility of facing a case where the judgment cannot fully guarantee that it is not applied offshore in a subtle case. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention based on the fact that sanctions equivalent or higher than the GDPR are set on the premise that the application cannot be denied in practice. In addition, we must keep an eye on the trend of what modifications will be made in the future. At the same time, it would be beneficial to verify the implementation of the obligation to overhaul the risk management system such as the AI Ethics Committee, which is already established by some companies, depending on the purpose of the AI system or the extent of the risks assumed.
참고문헌 (32)
- 김진우, "유럽연합의 인공지능 백서에 관한 고찰", 외법논집, 44(4), pp.129~161 (2020), 법학연구소[DOI]
- 손민숙, "유럽연합, 인공지능법 초안 발표", KIRI 리포트 글로벌 이슈, (522) (2021), 보험연구원
- 이경선, "EU 인공지능 규제안의 주요 내용과 시사점", KISDI Perspective, (1) (2021)
- "EU의 AI 규제안" (2021)[URL]
- "EU, AI법 3원칙 마련···“고위험 AI 사고시 운영자 책임” 등" (2020)[URL]
- 지능정보원(NIA), "EU 인공지능법(안)의 주요 내용과 시사점", 지능정보사회 법제도이슈리포트, (2021-1) (2021)
- 유럽연합의 인공지능 법 초안이 갖는 의미, "한상기", 한국인터넷진흥원(KISA), ~, pp.2021 KISA Report Vol. 5 (2021)
- "EU・英国・米国におけるAI倫理動向" (2020)[URL]
- "全方位的な戦略でAI普及を推進（EU） AI倫理ガイドラインなど社会配慮型の取り組みに注目" (2019)[URL]
- "Policy Proposals Industrial Technology Opinions on the Proposed European Artificial Intelligence Act" (2021)[URL]
- Anu Bradford, "The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World" (2020), Oxford University Press
- "The EU’s new rules will completely rewrite the AI playbook" (2021)[URL]
- "Artificial Intelligence for Europe" (2018)[URL]
- "Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI" (2019)[URL]
- "Europe fit for the Digital Age: Commission proposes new rules and actions for excellence and trust in Artificial Intelligence" (2021)[URL]
- "Member States and Commission to work together to boost artificial intelligence “made in Europe”" (2018)[URL]
- "Shaping Europe’s digital future"[URL]
- EUROPEAN COMMISSION, "WHITE PAPER On Artificial Intelligence-A European approach to excellence and trust" (2020)
- "WHITE PAPER On Artificial Intelligence - A European approach to excellence and trust" (2020)[URL]
- European Parliamentary Research Service(EPRS), "Tackling deepfakes in European policy", ~ (2021)
- "Artificial Intelligence Act: What Is the European Approach for AI?" (2021)[URL]
- FRA, "Data quality and artificial intelligence – mitigating bias and error to protect fundamental rights", FRA Focus, ~ (2019)
- "Harry Brignull's 90 Percent of Everything Dark Patterns: dirty tricks designers use to make people do stuff" (2010)[URL]
- High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, "Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Ai, European Commission", ~ (2018)
- "Key provisions of the Draft AI Regulation" (2021)[URL]
- "Machines learn that Brussels writes the rules:The EU’s new AI regulation" (2021)[URL]
- Mauritz Kop, "EU Artificial Intelligence Act: The European Approach to AI, Stanford", Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum, Transatlantic Antitrust and IPR Developments, (2) (2021), Stanford University
- "Report on the safety and liability implications of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics)'를 공표하였다(EUROPEAN COMMISSION, REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE Report on the safety and liability implications of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics" (2020)[URL]
- Samantha Besson, "Reconstructing International Law starting from Regional Organizations, Revue europeenne du droit", Groupe d’etudes geopolitiques, (2) (2021)
- "Executive Order on the Establishment of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships" (2021)[URL]
- "Press Release – European Vision for AI"[URL]