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점화 패러다임에 나타난 PTSD의 자동적 정서 조절의 실패

The Failure of Automatic Emotion Regulation of PTSD in Priming Paradigm

최윤경|이홍석|이재호
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2018.08|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제37권 제3호|pp. 360-381|DOI https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2018.37.3.008

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참고문헌

키워드

emotion regulationPTSD외상후 스트레스 장애점화효과정서 조절명명과제자동적 처리priming effectnaming taskautomatic processing
주제분류심리과학

초록

점화 패러다임은 SOA를 조작함으로써 자동적 및 통제된 처리를 관찰할 수 있는 유용한 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 일종의 의미적, 정서적점화과제인 명명과제를 사용하여 일화적 외상기억의 활성화가 자기조절에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이었다. 점화자극은 구체적인 국외및 국내 외상사건, 일반적인 외상사건을 포함한 세 유형의 단어이었고, 목표자극은 정서의 각성가와 정서가 수준에 따라 분류된 세 종류의정서단어이었다. 본 연구를 위해 3개의 실험에서 명명과제가 실시되었다. SOA 150 ms를 적용한 실험 1 (n= 60)과 SOA 1,000 ms의 실험 2 (n=57)의 참가자들은 대학생들이었고, SOA 150 ms와 1,000 ms 조건을 모두 적용한 실험 3 (n=57)의 참가자들은 외상사건에 노출된 이후 정신건강의학과 외래클리닉에서 치료를 받고 있는 환자들로 구성되었다. 그 결과, 비임상군에서는 역 점화효과가 관찰되었다. 즉, 다른조건에 비해 점화자극으로 국내 외상사건(예: 세월호) 또는 일반적 외상사건(예: 폭력)이 사용되고 목표자극으로 높은 각성의 부정 정서단어가 사용되었을 때 반응시간이 더 지연되었다. 반면에, 임상군의 경우, SOA 1,000 ms 조건에서 목표자극으로 높은 각성의 부정 단어가 제시된 경우, 국내 외상사건이 점화되었을 때는 반응시간이 더 빠른 촉진효과, 그리고 국외 외상사건이 점화되었을 때에는 반응시간이 더 지연된 역 점화효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 자전적 기억과 자동적 정서조절의 관점에서 논의되었다. 또한 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

Abstract

Both automatic and controlled processes can be observed in sequence by manipulating the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) using the priming paradigm. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of activating an episodic trauma memory on self-regulation by using the naming task, a type of semantic and emotional priming task. In the naming task, the primed stimuli were three types of words including specific foreign, specific domestic and general trauma events, and the target stimuli were three kinds of emotion words classified by the levels of affective valence and activation. Three experiments were carried out. The participants in Experiment 1 (n=60) with 150ms SOA and Experiment 2 (n=57) with 1,000 ms SOA were college students. The participants in Experiment 3 (n=57), which used both 150 ms and 1,000 ms SOAs, were patients being treated at psychiatric outpatient clinics after exposure to traumatic events. The results showed that the reaction times in the non-clinical group were more delayed (i.e., reversed priming effect) when using the domestic (e.g., Sewol ferry) or general (e.g., violence) trauma events as primed stimuli and the negative emotion words of high-arousal (e.g., fear or anger) as target stimuli when compared to the other experimental conditions. But, the clinical group exposed to the 1,000 ms SOA condition showed facilitation and reversed priming effects when being presented with negative emotion words of high-arousal as target stimuli after priming with domestic and foreign traumatic events, respectively. These results were discussed in terms of the autobiographical memory and automatic emotion regulation seen in posttraumatic stress disorder. Limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were also discussed.

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