다산 정치사상에 대한 ‘민권 이론’ 비판

Abstract

This study critically reviewed the theories(civil rights theories) that explained the political status of civil rights of Dasan Jeong Yak-yong(1762~1836)'s political ideologies with such western concepts as “civil rights”, “consciousness of civil rights”, “ideology of civil rights”, “democratic” and “democracy.” The content of the civil rights theories includes 1) view of autonomous man, 2) popular sovereignty theory or people as subjects theory, 3) equality theory, 4) revolution theory, and 5) resistance right theory. The civil rights theories are presented two papers “Wonmok” and “Tangron.” as grounds of people's sovereignty theory and revolution theory. However, “Wonmok” tries to justify the logic of “for people” by rulers by assuming the natural state of human society, and “Tangron” is an extension of Mencius's Bangbeol theory, which justifies the replacement of a ruler that has committed wrong deeds. In “Tangron”, “replacement by people” means that a ruler should win the hearts of people. It is not at all a popular revolution theory. Equality theory is also inappropriate because Dasan did not claim the abolition of the status system of the aristocratic class. Dasan's political ideologies find an ideal in the practice of original Confucian democracy, which maintains that a ruler should work for people, and seek after powerful royal authority, which makes it difficult to see them as civil rights. The civil rights theories did not examine the fundamental ideologies and ideals of Dasan in general and consider the contradictory aspects that are hardly regarded as civil rights.