송대 성리학자들의 인仁사상에 관한 소고

Abstract

Since Kongzi never gave an definition on , later confucian scholars have attempted to explain with various aspects. This study analyze ‘benevolence’ mainly focusing on remarks and comments in ‘unity of all beings’ by Mingdao, and ‘virtue of mind, reason of love’, ‘mind that giving life to all beings’ by Zhu Xi. Confucian Scholars during Song dynasty accepted remarks on benevolence more as practical virtues than theocratical definitions. They insisted that ‘benevolence’ is not exactly considered as ‘love’. ‘love’ is the revealed characteristics of mind and behaviors, not exactly ‘benevolence’ itself. ‘Benevolence’ is the human nature, according to Zhu Xi ‘Benevolence’ is the virtue, ‘love’ is the reason(心之德, 愛之理). Confucian scholars at the period of Song dynasty often analogized ‘benevolence’ with ‘seeds’ or ‘roots’ of loving others which is the reason for loving others. Actual themes on the virtue of mind, the reason of love, Zhu Xi articulated ‘benevolence’ as ‘mind that all beings can live.’ There exists mind that lead all beings to live in harmony with everything else, that is, principles of life. Human beings are born with ‘mind considering everything as one’ as Mingdao explained. This can be compared that parents consider their children as parents themselves, which could be extended to the relationship to siblings. Individuals are not separated but rather connected. For such reasons, figuring out mind of all beings that are parents of everything, can awaken myself and realize that all beings are not separated but connected one. Mind considering all beings as one is not different from reason of love. Confucian scholars during Song dynasty articulated differently on theories of benevolence, but eventually concluded toward one conception.