조선시대 구장鳩杖에 대한 소고

Abstract

This study aims to examine the origin and symbolism of gujang (鳩杖, the cane with the dove) and its actual use in the Joseon Dynasty. The examining results based on literature, paintings, and relics are as follows. First, there was the custom of giving doves to the elderly to show respect and deference in ancient times, but in the Han Dynasty, that custom changed to giving gujang, the cane with the dove. After that, the system of giving gujang to the elderly whose age became 70 years old was established and affected the later dynasties. Second, the dove decoration of gujang implies various symbolism. The symbolism of the auspicious bird praying for the health, peace, vitality, and longevity of the elderly is extracted from the dove’s habits and appearance characteristics. Third, the king’s gujang was examined through the cane, a ceremonial object that the king used to enter Giroso (耆老所). The king’s gujang is about 215 centimeters long and is made of wood, and the shaft is carved into nine joints and painted in red. The dove decoration at the top is carved out of wood and painted gray. The small shovel at the bottom is made into a square shape by plating silver with gold. In the Korean Empire, the shaft of King Gojong’s gujang was yellow in color, which can be presumed to have been changed to suit the emperor’s status. Fourth, the gujang of officials was examined through the cane that can be seen at events of Sagwejang (賜几杖). The representative gujang is Lee Gyungseok (李景奭)’s. His cane is 189.5 centimeters long, and the wooden shaft is smooth without a joint. The shaft and a dove decoration were black in color. The small shovel is made into a square shape by plating iron with yellow brass. The gujang of the king and officials differs in length, shape, color, and material, and it is possible that gujang was differentiated according to their class and status.