조선 후기 문인들의 辭達에 대한 해석과 문학론적 수용 양상

Abstract

A term, Sadal(辭達), is just a short expression originated from Lunyu(論語, Analects of Confucius), but it shows very well the issue about sentences(文) that writers used to have. To grasp individual writer's point of view towards speech and writing technique in the late Chosŏn Dynasty when Confucianism was prevalent as an ideological nucleus, it is important to closely look into the characteristics shown on the terms and ways of expression. This study aims to look into the real intention of Sadal and is implied meaning in a concrete way, and at the same time, examine writers, who showed difference in their awareness of the interpretation of Sadal, and their argument tendency. In particular, it sees the differences shown in writers' interpretation on Sadal, by classifying their modality to interpret and quote Sadal into three; first, the modality which is based in Zhu Xi(朱子)'s interpretation; second, the modality which extends and re-interprets the previous one; and third, the modality which re-interprets Sadal from a point of view to emphasize rhetorical embellishments(文飾). Various perspectives on Sadal were shown in a more obvious way, particularly in argumentative writings, such as about writing technique manner or sentence evaluation, and the modalities of literary-theoretical acceptance were largely divided into the positive- and skeptical positions in the neo-Confucian interpretation, according to individual writer's academic and ideological backgrounds. First of all, placing an emphasis on the two meanings implied in a term "Sadal" - "to reach reason(理到)" and "simplicity(簡易)", the positively-quoted cases are examined in the study. Complete penetration of reason and simplicity are organically combined with Sadal, and have been used such as a ritualistic expression in the process of eulogization for a target writer's sentence. On the other hands, there was also a skeptical acceptance modality based in the real intention of Sadal, without neglecting the importance of rhetorical embellishments. Although they once insisted the appropriateness of independent sentences based on its utility, writers who considered themselves as stylists caring for sentence styles even didn't completely deny the justification of Sadal, with a tendency to tinge rhetorical embellishments on the basis of Tao(道) or Li(理). Their eclectic stance was also shown in the process to cognize the term by each writers. Therefore, based on the derivation of rhetoric(修辭) and modality of its application, the study clarifies unique features of rhetoric different from technique or decoration, and also sees the eclectic process between Sadal and rhetoric. This study that summarizes arguments of writers in the late Chosŏn Dynasty according to the implied meanings of Sadal and examines their different modalities of literary-theoretical acceptance is expected to contribute to providing another beginning of further discussion, under the context of enormous discussion "Syntax(文章論)".