Facts and Fictions of ‘transmigrasi’ in Indonesia
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The aim of the paper is to examine the contributions and attendant problems of the transmigration program (transmigrasi) in Indonesia, thereby pointing out that the most common reason for the failure of the transmigration program is the lack of appropriate understanding and appreciation of how social-economic, cultural and environmental systems of people involved function in the process of transmigration program. Given the fact that it is the first paper in Korea that discusses the transmigration program in Indonesia, it attempts to primarily deal with a 'sensitizing' account, rather than 'lived' experiences of the transmigrants, the ways in which socio-cultural patterns of their lives are generated in a certain context. It is expected that based on the former, follow-up discussions on the latter may be developed in detail. First, the paper emphasizes the uneven distribution of Indonesia's population throughout the archipelago and move on to briefly say something about the positive aspects and attendant problems of the transmigration program in Indonesia. Secondly, this paper examines the historical background and development of transmigration program in Indonesia from the Dutch colonial period. Then it reveals that the historical background and development of transmigration program in Indonesia has something to do not only with the pretext of relieving population pressure but also with regional development in the Outer Islands (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, West Papua [Irian Jaya]). Thirdly, an attempt will be made to analyse in details both some contributions (balancing population density throughout the archipelago, promoting regional development in the Outer Islands, strengthening national integration/security) and attendant problems (environmental impacts, socio-cultural dilemmas of the top-down program, agricultural problems, deficiency of welfare) of the transmigration program. From this discussion, lastly, it will be argued that in implementing the following transmigration program appropriate understanding and appreciation of social-economic, cultural, and environmental systems of people involved are urgently needed. In this manner, this paper is expected to be a 'practical' contributor to comprehension of the success and attendant problems of the transmigration program or otherwise of the other such resettlement schemes.
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to examine the contributions and attendant problems of the transmigration program (transmigrasi) in Indonesia, thereby pointing out that the most common reason for the failure of the transmigration program is the lack of appropriate understanding and appreciation of how social-economic, cultural and environmental systems of people involved function in the process of transmigration program. Given the fact that it is the first paper in Korea that discusses the transmigration program in Indonesia, it attempts to primarily deal with a 'sensitizing' account, rather than 'lived' experiences of the transmigrants, the ways in which socio-cultural patterns of their lives are generated in a certain context. It is expected that based on the former, follow-up discussions on the latter may be developed in detail. First, the paper emphasizes the uneven distribution of Indonesia's population throughout the archipelago and move on to briefly say something about the positive aspects and attendant problems of the transmigration program in Indonesia. Secondly, this paper examines the historical background and development of transmigration program in Indonesia from the Dutch colonial period. Then it reveals that the historical background and development of transmigration program in Indonesia has something to do not only with the pretext of relieving population pressure but also with regional development in the Outer Islands (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, West Papua [Irian Jaya]). Thirdly, an attempt will be made to analyse in details both some contributions (balancing population density throughout the archipelago, promoting regional development in the Outer Islands, strengthening national integration/security) and attendant problems (environmental impacts, socio-cultural dilemmas of the top-down program, agricultural problems, deficiency of welfare) of the transmigration program. From this discussion, lastly, it will be argued that in implementing the following transmigration program appropriate understanding and appreciation of social-economic, cultural, and environmental systems of people involved are urgently needed. In this manner, this paper is expected to be a 'practical' contributor to comprehension of the success and attendant problems of the transmigration program or otherwise of the other such resettlement schemes.
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