Leadership Impact on Policy Implementation : Focused on Education Cases in Korea and Pakistan
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There is a direct link between education and national growth. Countries that provide strong funding for educational institutions are more likely to meet the cultural, social and economic needs of the societies they control. Successful and well-developed countries have strong economies and inclusive societies. For countries to achieve these important characteristics, they need a strong education system that can transfer knowledge from generation to generation. Education on policy implementation is important to have a common understanding of the implementation process. National leaders, business people and members of society want to know how the policy implementation process is going and how it can be developed. In this paper, in order to analyze the relevance of the existing implementation theory in relation to two separate scenarios, the difficulty of achieving educational policy goals in Pakistan and the successful implementation of the Korean government in achieving the policy goals were compared. In this paper, one of the key factors in the failure of policy implementation in Pakistan was the political system that did not maintain policy consistency and made many modifications to the decided policy. Another cause of policy failure is that political leaders are not directly involved in setting policy goals due to lack of ideas and expertise in making policy decisions. Another reason may be the failure of lawmakers to approve illegal bills or participate in the policy-making process due to lack of expertise. On the other hand, the factors that made Korea successful in the process of promoting education policy were that since political democracy was established in 1988, policy making and execution were made transparently, stakeholder participation was guaranteed, and education policy was maintained even if political leaders change. It could be said that it was possible to maintain consistency. Through comparative analysis of cases in both countries, it was concluded that the role of leadership is an important factor in achieving policy goals and implementing policies.
Abstract
There is a direct link between education and national growth. Countries that provide strong funding for educational institutions are more likely to meet the cultural, social and economic needs of the societies they control. Successful and well-developed countries have strong economies and inclusive societies. For countries to achieve these important characteristics, they need a strong education system that can transfer knowledge from generation to generation. Education on policy implementation is important to have a common understanding of the implementation process. National leaders, business people and members of society want to know how the policy implementation process is going and how it can be developed. In this paper, in order to analyze the relevance of the existing implementation theory in relation to two separate scenarios, the difficulty of achieving educational policy goals in Pakistan and the successful implementation of the Korean government in achieving the policy goals were compared. In this paper, one of the key factors in the failure of policy implementation in Pakistan was the political system that did not maintain policy consistency and made many modifications to the decided policy. Another cause of policy failure is that political leaders are not directly involved in setting policy goals due to lack of ideas and expertise in making policy decisions. Another reason may be the failure of lawmakers to approve illegal bills or participate in the policy-making process due to lack of expertise. On the other hand, the factors that made Korea successful in the process of promoting education policy were that since political democracy was established in 1988, policy making and execution were made transparently, stakeholder participation was guaranteed, and education policy was maintained even if political leaders change. It could be said that it was possible to maintain consistency. Through comparative analysis of cases in both countries, it was concluded that the role of leadership is an important factor in achieving policy goals and implementing policies.
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