한국과 주요국 간의 반도체산업 수출경쟁력 및 수출경합도 비교 분석

Abstract

Semiconductor supply chains are promoting reorganized as technical hegemony competition to secure the initiative in the semiconductor industry intensifies globally. Because semiconductors are an essential industry in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, related-significant countries emphasize securing global supply chains and technical independence. Although Korea is called a semiconductor powerhouse, Korea has been vulnerable to competitiveness in related materials, including system semiconductors, and competitors have threatened it with the technology gap decrease in memory semiconductors. Therefore, this article compared and analyzed the export competitiveness of the semiconductor industry between Korea and significant countries using Market Share (MS), Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Export Similarity Index (ESI) models. The results are as follows; First, the order of high semiconductor export share is China > Taiwan > Singapore > Korea > the US, of which China and Taiwan's market share tend to increase every year. Second, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore specialized in exports, while China, the US, and Germany specialized in imports. Third, the semiconductor industry in Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Japan has a comparative advantage over other sectors within their country. In contrast, the US and Germany have a comparative disadvantage. Fourth, countries of high competition with Korea in the global semiconductor market are China > Taiwan > Singapore, especially Memory semiconductors are highly competitive with China and system semiconductors with Taiwan. Currently, competition among world powerhouses to foster the semiconductor industry is intensifying. Therefore, if Korea wants to make a comprehensive semiconductor powerhouse, Korea has to support R&D, cultivate people of talent, enhance technology capabilities, and encourage Fabless Manufacturing.