학령기 아동의 전반적 수면실태, 수면문제행동, 비만과의 관련성 연구
A study on Sleep Characteristics, Sleep Problems and Their Relationship with Obesity in School aged Children
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초록
본 연구는 우리나라 학령기 아동의 전반적 수면특성과 수면행동문제에 관한 학년, 지역, 성별, 모의 학력 그리고 평균소득에 따른 비교와 일반아동과 비만아동 간의 수면특성 문제를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울과 지방 P도시에 소재한 초등학교에 재학 중인 1-6학년 학생들로써 서울 346명, 지방 P도시 316명으로 총 662명(남아 309명, 여아 353명) 이다. 본 연구에서는 학령기 아동의 수면행동을 측정하기 위해 Owens, Spirito와 McGuinn(2000)이 개발한 CSHQ(The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire)척도를 한국어로 번역한 후 완성된 검사지와 비만관련 설문을 사용하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 국내 학령기 아동의 평균 취침시간은 22:22(p.m.)이고, 기상시간은 7:24(a.m.), 수면시간은 8.81(h)로 나타났다. 둘째, 학령기 아동의 성별에 따른 취침시간, 기상시간, 수면시간의 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, 수면행동 하위영역에서 여아가 남아보다 취침시간 저항문제가 높게 나타났고, 수면 호흡 장애 문제가 여아보다 남아에게서 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 학령기 아동의 학년에 따른 수면특성은 취침시간, 기상시간 그리고 수면시간에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 학령기 아동의 지역에 따른 수면특성은 취침시간, 기상시간, 수면시간에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 다섯째, 부모의 학력이 높을수록 아동의 취침시간이 늦어짐을 보였다. 여섯째, 부모의 평균소득이 높을수록 취침시간이 늦어짐을 보였다. 일곱째, 비만아동 109명과 일반아동 450명의 취침시간, 기상시간 그리고 수면시간에 대한 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 비만아동은 일반아동보다 수면호흡장애의 하위 요인인 코를 크게 고는 수면문제 행동이 높게 나타났다.
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the overall sleep features of elementary school children according to their grade, district, gender, mother's education level and average income, and comparing the sleep features of normal children and obese children. The subjects of this study included a total of 662 children (boys: 309, girls: 353), and 346 of them were chosen from elementary schools randomly selected in Seoul and 316 from elementary schools in P City. The instrument used here to measure the sleep behavior of the elementary school students was a Korean version questionnaire of The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) developed by Owens, Spirito and McGuinn(2000). The results of the study were as follows. First, the elementary school children's average bedtime, wake time and sleep latency turned out to be 22:22(p.m.), 7:24(a.m.) and 8.81(h) respectively. Second, the elementary school children showed no significant differences in bedtime, wake time or sleep latency according to gender.Third, the elementary school children showed significant differences in bedtime, wake time and sleep latency according to their grade. Fourth, the elementary school children displayed significant differences in bedtime, wake time and sleep latency according to the district where they lived. Fifth, as for the elementary school children's sleep features according to the mother's education level, children had later bedtime as their parents had higher education level. Sixth, with regard to the elementary school children' sleep behavior according to the mother's average income, children had later bedtime as their parents' average income was higher, and had shorter sleep latency as their parents had lower average income. Seventh, obese children and normal children were compared. According to the results, the two groups showed no significant differences in bedtime, wake time and sleep latency. However, as for sleep related problems, the obese children accessed in the study displayed more sleep problematic behaviors of sleep disordered breathing, compared with their normal counterparts.
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