Fostering a "Young City" in Busan: A Strategic Approach to Countering Population Decline and Promoting Youth Settlement
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Formerly a major city in South Korea, Busan is now struggling with a major demographic crisis due to extended youth migration and accelerated aging for the last thirty years. The population has decreased sharply from 3.9 million in 1995 to 3.3 million in 2023, with an even deeper drop predicted. The major cause of youth migration is job scarcity and lower wages compared to the capital area, housing burdens, and poor infrastructure, which have resulted in negative economic growth and the formation of a "super-aged, low-youth" structure thereby leading to the "risk of extinction" phase in Busan. Our research changes the axis to a "Young City" module, in light of changes in the socio-cultural biomarkers, to tackle the challenges caused by the overwhelming aged society. Additionally, the research delves into the socio-economic reasons behind the loss of young people in Busan, derives the best examples of global "Young City" from Portland, Manchester, and Tokyo, and makes policy implications directly for Busan. The research also seeks to fill the gaps in urban thinking with a comparison between creative ecosystems and participatory urban design. Thus, by paving the way for Busan to create a city of innovation suitable for the young, it is possible to guarantee not only the demographic vitality but also the economic and social sustainability of the city in the long run.
Abstract
Formerly a major city in South Korea, Busan is now struggling with a major demographic crisis due to extended youth migration and accelerated aging for the last thirty years. The population has decreased sharply from 3.9 million in 1995 to 3.3 million in 2023, with an even deeper drop predicted. The major cause of youth migration is job scarcity and lower wages compared to the capital area, housing burdens, and poor infrastructure, which have resulted in negative economic growth and the formation of a "super-aged, low-youth" structure thereby leading to the "risk of extinction" phase in Busan. Our research changes the axis to a "Young City" module, in light of changes in the socio-cultural biomarkers, to tackle the challenges caused by the overwhelming aged society. Additionally, the research delves into the socio-economic reasons behind the loss of young people in Busan, derives the best examples of global "Young City" from Portland, Manchester, and Tokyo, and makes policy implications directly for Busan. The research also seeks to fill the gaps in urban thinking with a comparison between creative ecosystems and participatory urban design. Thus, by paving the way for Busan to create a city of innovation suitable for the young, it is possible to guarantee not only the demographic vitality but also the economic and social sustainability of the city in the long run.