시장의 전장’이 된 태국 치앙라이 국경 : 불법적 시장에서 생산과 소비의 신자유주의의 공간으로
The ‘Marketplace-Battlefield’of Thailand’s Chiang Rai: From Illegal Market To Neoliberal Space for Production and Consumption
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By the end of the 1980s and the end of the Cold War, Thailand's then prime minister Chatichai Choonhavan declared Thailand's market to have moved from a battlefield to a marketplace following a period of conflicts with its socialist neighbors. Then in 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Economic Community was established to attain regional equitable economic development, which resulted in a return to the battlefield again. This research focuses on neoliberal changes using Glassman's idea of the "Marketplace-Battlefield." However, while Glassman focused on the result—the monopoly of large capital companies by using state power and worsening inequality in the regional market.-this study focuses on the process of the development including various conflicting factors related to the Marketplace-Battlefield. To prove the complexity of the neoliberal marketplace-battlefield, this study presents the history of a marketplace in Chiang rai during the Cold-war era. Then, it explains the development of Border Special Economic Zones in Thailand and its present achievement to prove its inconsistent results of state deregulation. Lastly, this study shows contention in an expansion of consumption places such as department stores and retails in Chiang rai to analyze local dynamics of the construction of neoliberal marketplace. Through these, this study argues that Thailand’s borderlands Chiang rai is a dynamic space of neoliberalism in which the state’s relaxation of regulation, development, competition between capital, and the placeness and history of the locals are intertwined.
Abstract
By the end of the 1980s and the end of the Cold War, Thailand's then prime minister Chatichai Choonhavan declared Thailand's market to have moved from a battlefield to a marketplace following a period of conflicts with its socialist neighbors. Then in 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Economic Community was established to attain regional equitable economic development, which resulted in a return to the battlefield again. This research focuses on neoliberal changes using Glassman's idea of the "Marketplace-Battlefield." However, while Glassman focused on the result—the monopoly of large capital companies by using state power and worsening inequality in the regional market.-this study focuses on the process of the development including various conflicting factors related to the Marketplace-Battlefield. To prove the complexity of the neoliberal marketplace-battlefield, this study presents the history of a marketplace in Chiang rai during the Cold-war era. Then, it explains the development of Border Special Economic Zones in Thailand and its present achievement to prove its inconsistent results of state deregulation. Lastly, this study shows contention in an expansion of consumption places such as department stores and retails in Chiang rai to analyze local dynamics of the construction of neoliberal marketplace. Through these, this study argues that Thailand’s borderlands Chiang rai is a dynamic space of neoliberalism in which the state’s relaxation of regulation, development, competition between capital, and the placeness and history of the locals are intertwined.
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